专题介绍：博物馆数字技术应用
编者按：
20世纪90年代后期，随着我国博物馆官方网站建设的开展，数字技术在博物馆领域开始大规模使用，从聚焦藏品到广泛应用于展览展示、文物保护修复、教育传播、文化创意、运营管理等诸多方面，推动数字博物馆、虚拟博物馆、智慧博物馆的出现，对博物馆的发展产生了深刻影响。
本期专题遴选了四篇论文，分别探讨了数字孪生技术在智慧博物馆建设中的运用、数字技术引导观众参与博物馆策展、基于区块链技术开发博物馆数字藏品、利用短视频呈现博物馆历史文化创意等具体问题，足见数字技术在我国博物馆应用已非常广泛与深入。
2022年1月，国务院发布《“十四五”数字经济发展规划》，明确表示博物馆要深化人工智能、虚拟现实等技术的融合，拓展社交、购物、娱乐、展览等领域的应用，打造数字产品服务展示交流和技能培训中心。数字技术的应用，任重而道远。
为者常成，行者常至。只要我们勠力探索、不断实践，博物馆的春天必将盛开美丽的数字技术之花。
基于数字孪生的博物馆智能运行中心构建探析
Study on the Construction of Museum Intelligent Operation Center Based on Digital Twin
马玉静
Ma Yujing
（中国国家博物馆，北京，100006）
（National Museum of China, Beijing, 100006）
内容提要：随着智慧博物馆建设的推进，通过数据采集、分析、理解、判断，从而形成决策的智能运行模式成为博物馆发展趋势。数字孪生技术作为推动智慧博物馆建设的创新模式和转型路径，亦是必然选择。本文介绍了博物馆藏品、展览、观众、场馆等主要实体数字孪生模型的构建，阐述了以透彻感知、泛在互联、智慧融合为特征的博物馆物理空间、信息空间同生共存、虚实融合的智能运行中心体系架构，深入剖析了其在综合运营态势、藏品全景感知、观展情景研判、观众服务分析、安防设备监测主题业务场景中发挥的数据分析、辅助决策、协同联动作用，并对当前存在问题进行了总结和思考。
关键词：数字孪生 智能 体系架构 业务场景
Abstract: With the advancement of smart museum construction, it has become the development trend of the museum to form an intelligent operation mode of decision-making through data collection, analysis, understanding and judgment. As an innovative mode and transformation path to promote the construction of smart museum, digital twin technology is also an inevitable choice. This paper introduces the construction of digital twin models of main entities such as museum collections, exhibitions, audiences and buildings. Then, it expounds the intelligent operation center system framework of museum physical space, information space coexistence and virtual real integration, which is characterized by thorough perception, ubiquitous interconnection and intelligent integration. In addition, it deeply analyzes its comprehensive operation situation, collection panoramic perception, exhibition analysis and judgment, audience service analysis, security equipment monitoring, which developing data analysis, auxiliary decision-making and collaborative linkage in the theme business scenario, then thinking and summarizing the current problems.
Key Words: Digital twin; intelligence; system framework; business scenario
数字技术，助力博物馆从分众走向众策
Digital Technology, Developing Museums from Focused on Services to Crowd Curating
吴萌
Wu Meng
（故宫博物院，北京，100009）
（The Palace Museum, Beijing, 100009）
内容提要：数字技术推动着博物馆发展，包括虚实结合、时空复用、观众数据分析和多元化的分众服务等。在此基础上，促进博物馆进行更多变革——虚拟展柜、虚拟展品进一步凸显时空复用的优势，而虚拟策展、众策的尝试，使更多观众得以完成表达，密切博物馆与观众的关系。沿着这一思路，未来数字技术还将孕育出新的博物馆形态：观众通过新的知识体验和知识建构形式，形成科学思维习惯与认同，助力博物馆更好地履行社会责任。
关键词：虚拟策展 众策 智慧展览 博物馆教育 博物馆分众服务
Abstract: Digital technology has enhanced museum services greatly on different aspects, from overcoming the barrier of time and space, to assisting the focus-on services. This is still far from the grand finale. Revolutionized by virtual-reality, collections and cabinets are reformed, which further cross the time-space barrier. Along this route, ‘crowd curating’ is brought out as an embryo of new museum ecosystem, which makes it easier for audiences to express themselves, and at the same time draw them closer to museums. The expectation of this ecosystem is also given: by these new knowledge experience and new knowledge building form, audiences will form scientific thinking. This will better complete the responsibility of museums.
Key Words: Digital curating; crowd curating; digital exhibition; museum education; focus-on service
浅谈博物馆数字藏品的创新边界
Discussion on the Innovation Boundary of Museum Digital Collection
史晓文
Shi Xiaowen
（西北大学文化遗产学院，西安，710127）
（School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710127）
内容提要：2021年，以区块链技术作为重要支撑的元宇宙、非同质化通证等新兴概念成为《柯林斯词典》的年度热词，它们不仅丰富了数字经济的发展模式，也为我国文创产业的创新发展注入了一股活血。然其具有潜在价值的同时，也存在一定的隐患，如创新边界的逾越。在不断鼓励创新发展的当下，创新边界鲜为人论及，因此，讨论博物馆文创文物数字藏品的创新边界具有一定的现实意义。
关键词：文物数字藏品 非同质化通证 文创产业 创新边界
Abstract: In 2021, emerging concepts such as metaverse and Non-Fungible Token, which are supported by blockchain technology, became the hot words of the year in Collins Dictionary. They not only enrich the development mode of the digital economy, but also inject a blood of energy into the innovative development of China’s cultural and creative industry. While it has potential value, it also has some hidden dangers. With the continuous encouragement of innovation, the boundary of innovation is rarely put forward. Therefore, it is of certain practical significance to discuss the innovation boundary of cultural and creative cultural relics digital collections in museums.
Key Words: Cultural relics digital collection; Non-Fungible Token; cultural and creative industry; innovation boundary
博物馆历史文化创意视听化呈现的思考——从《广阳王府的小厨娘》短视频说起
On the Audio-visual Presentation of Museum Historical and Cultural Creativity: Starting with the Short Video of Little Woman Cook of Guangyang Kingdom
赵芮禾 韩姗姗
Zhao Ruihe Han Shanshan
（北京考古遗址博物馆，北京，100160）
（Beijing Archaeological Ruins Museum, Beijing, 100160）
内容提要：近年新业态的发展得到了社会的广泛关注，博物馆与新业态的结合也成为诸多博物馆行业从业者的研究新领域。源于短视频行业的火爆，博物馆文化创意类短视频的创作出现，文化创意类的视听化呈现形式受到欢迎。以北京市大葆台西汉墓博物馆制作的文化创意类短视频《广阳王府的小厨娘》为例，探讨博物馆创意视听在呈现过程中如何做到广适性与专业性的统一。并在分析短视频传播数据的基础上，探讨博物馆文化创意类视听呈现在现阶段存在的问题及工作方法。
关键词：新媒体 文化创意短视频 多学科交融 博物馆品牌 大葆台西汉墓
Abstract: In recent years, the development of new business forms has been widely concerned by the society. The combination of museums and new formats has also become a new research field for many museum industry practitioners. The creation of cultural and creative short videos in museums stems from the popularity of the short video industry. Audio-visual presentation of cultural creativity is popular. Starting from the cultural creative short video Little Woman Cook of Guangyang Kingdom produced by the Beijing Dabaotai Western Han Tomb Museum, it explores creative audio-visual presentation based on how museums to achieve the unity of universality and professionalism in the presentation process. Additionally, it analyzes the short video transmission data, explores the problems and working methods of the present development of cultural and creative audio-visual presentation led by museums.
Key Words: New media; short video of cultural creativity; interdisciplinary integration; museum brand; Dabaotai Western Han Dynasty Tombs