专题介绍：博物馆之城研究
编者按：
博物馆与城市有着天然的联系。城市是人类居住和经济、文化活动的中心，是人类文明的集聚地；博物馆是研究、收藏、保护、阐释和展示物质与非物质遗产的文化机构。城市为博物馆提供空间和资源，是博物馆最大的依托，博物馆为城市注入文化基因，塑造城市的文化个性。城市和博物馆在发展过程中共生共荣，促成博物馆之城产生。
我国最早由国人创办的博物馆──南通博物苑，其设立便有教育民众、倡导城市新风的目的。之后博物馆建设赓续不断，并纳入城市规划之中。20世纪八九十年代，中国博物馆建设迎来高潮，城市中博物馆渐成体系，博物馆群不断形成，促进城市文化繁荣。随着城市与博物馆的进一步发展，建成100座博物馆成为不少城市的目标，博物馆之城建设在我国应运而生。然而正如城市建设各具特色，博物馆之城也没有固定的模式和统一的标准，且博物馆之城的概念尚未定形，因此，博物馆之城的研究亟待推进。
这期专题从理论和实践两方面对博物馆之城建设进行初步探索，梳理了我国博物馆之城建设的发展历程，探讨了城市更新语境下博物馆之城建设的路径，总结了近年来北京、郑州、大同博物馆之城建设的实践经验，是为博物馆之城研究发雏凤之声。
理念与实践：关于中国“博物馆之城”发展的思考
Theory and Practice: Thinking About the Development of City of Museums in China
宋珂欣1 黄洋2 焦丽丹3
Song Kexin1 Huang Yang2 Jiao Lidan3
（1.南京师范大学，南京，210023；2.上海大学，上海，200444；3.复旦大学，上海，200433）
（1. Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023; 2. Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444;
3. Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433）
内容提要：从中国第一座公共博物馆诞生之日起，博物馆对于我国城市发展的重要性就日益凸显。“博物馆之城”的实践在我国由来已久，始于文化教育救亡图存的实践探索，兴起于国家富强后各地文化兴城的规划目标，大规模实践于21世纪的博物馆建设新高潮，大致经历了五个发展阶段。这是中国博物馆发展史的缩影，也是博物馆之于城市文化软实力提升作用的写照。但新时代“博物馆之城”建设热潮背后存在着诸多问题，对困境现象的反思以及对相关概念、内涵、要素、评估标准的厘清与思考，有助于中国“博物馆之城”建设开启高质量发展新篇章。
关键词：博物馆之城 博物馆群 博物馆聚落 博物馆体系 城市文化软实力
Abstract: Since the birth of the first public museum in China, the importance of museums to urban development has become increasingly prominent. The practice of City of Museums has a long history in China. It began with the practical exploration of saving the nation through culture and education, rose from the planning goal of rejuvenating the city after the country became rich and strong, and practiced in the new climax of museum construction after the 21st century. It has roughly experienced five development stages. This is the epitome of the development history of Chinese museums and the portrayal of museums in promoting urban cultural power. However, there are many problems behind the upsurge in construction. Through the reflection on the dilemma phenomenon and the consideration of the relevant concepts, connotations, elements, and evaluation standards, the construction of City of Museums in China can truly open a high-quality new chapter.
Key Words: City of Museums; museum groups; museum settlement; museum system; power of urban culture
城市更新语境下的博物馆之城建设研究
Research on the Construction of City of Museums in the Context
of Urban Regeneration
李晨 耿坤
Li Chen Geng Kun
（中国文物报社，北京，100007）
（China Cultural Relics News, Beijing, 100007）
内容提要：城市更新不同于传统的旧城改造，更加关注对于城市历史文化的保护和工业时代遗迹的保存，希望通过对城市空间、功能、文化内涵等进行有机更新以推动实现城市的可持续发展。博物馆在文化导向城市更新的进程中承担着收藏文化物证、提供舒适体验、建立消费触媒、搭建文化场景、驱动空间生产等一系列不可替代的重要角色。在城市更新进程中，打造博物馆集群不仅能提升城市形象，还有助于整体提升当地公共文化服务，促进城市社会经济发展，符合经济持续高速发展之后重视文化建设的国际规律。
关键词：博物馆 城市更新 博物馆之城 博物馆集群 博物馆小镇 博物馆+
Abstract: Different from traditional urban renewal, in city regeneration, great importance is attached to the protecting the history and culture of the city and preserving the relics from the industrial age with the hope of promoting the sustainable development of the city through the regeneration of urban space, function, and cultural connotation. In this process of culture-oriented urban regeneration, museums play an irreplaceable role in collecting cultural evidence, providing comfortable experiences, stimulating consumption, building cultural scenarios, driving space production, and so on. In addition to enhancing the image of the city, the construction of a museum cluster in the process of urban regeneration will also improve the overall local public cultural services and promote the social and economic development of the city, which is in line with the regular pattern around the globe of paying attention to cultural construction after the sustained and rapid economic development.
Key Words: Museum; urban regeneration; City of Museums; museum cluster; museum town; museum+
北京博物馆之城建设探索
Exploration on the Construction of Beijing City of Museums
北京市文物局
Beijing Municipal Cultural Heritage Bureau
内容提要：博物馆是传承城市文明、涵养城市品格、表达城市精神、塑造城市形象、丰富城市生活的重要载体。建设博物馆之城可以更好地发挥博物馆作用，满足市民和游客的精神文化需求。北京市从顶层设计、博物馆布局、发展质量、服务功能、融合发展五个方面推进博物馆之城的建设，凸显北京文脉底蕴深厚和文化资源集聚的优势，为全国文化中心建设提供支撑。
关键词：博物馆 北京 博物馆之城 城市文化
Abstract: Museum is an important carrier for inheriting urban civilization, cultivating urban character, expressing urban spirit, shaping urban image and enriching urban life. The construction of City of Museums can better play the role of museums and meet the spiritual and cultural needs of citizens and tourists. Beijing has promoted the construction of City of Museums from five aspects: top-level design, museum layout, development quality, service functions and integrated development. It highlights the advantages of Beijing’s profound cultural heritage and the accumulation of cultural resources, provides support for the construction of the national cultural center.
Key Words: Museum; Beijing; City of Museums; urban culture
郑州市博物馆事业发展理念与探索实践
The Museum Development Concept and Innovative Practices in Zhengzhou
任伟1 卞建龙2
Ren Wei1 Bian Jianlong2
（1.郑州市文物局，郑州，450006；2.郑州二七纪念馆，郑州，450099）
（1. Zhengzhou Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritage, Zhengzhou, 450006;
2. Zhengzhou Erqi Memorial, Zhengzhou, 450099）
内容提要：郑州是华夏文明的重要发祥地，文化底蕴深厚，文物资源分布密集，是研究中华文明起源、形成、发展的关键地区。由于历史原因，郑州地区的博物馆事业起步晚、发展慢、体系不完善，在展示“早期中国”和5000多年连绵不断中华文明中的作用尚未完全发挥。近年来，郑州市树立“以人为中心，博物馆建设成果人民共享”的博物馆事业发展理念，提炼城市文化核心价值，明确博物馆发展主题，创新工作机制，强化资金保障，加强政策引导，突出专业指导，着力构建国有、非国有、行业博物馆协同发展的新格局，不断满足人民群众对美好生活的文化需要，进行一系列创新实践，取得了阶段性成果。
关键词：博物馆 以人为中心 创新实践
Abstract: Zhengzhou is not only an important birthplace of Chinese civilization, but also a key area for studying the origin, formation, and development of Chinese civilization. Due to historical reasons, the museum career in the Zhengzhou area started late and slow with imperfect mechanisms. It has not yet played its full role as a showcase for “early China” and the 5,000 years of continuous Chinese civilization. In recent years, Zhengzhou set up the “people-centered, museum construction results shared by the people” museum career development concept. It refines the city’s cultural core values and theme, strengthens financial security and policy guidance, and takes a series of innovative practices. The new pattern of development of state-owned, non-state-owned, and industry museums constantly meet the cultural needs of the people for a better life and has achieved milestone results.
Key Words: Museum; people-centered; innovative practices
多重动力下中小博物馆群的形成与发展——以大同市为例
The Formation and Development of Small and Medium-sized Museum Group Under Multiple Driving Forces: Case of Datong
王思渝 郭佳思 郑昭琪
Wang Siyu Guo Jiasi Zheng Zhaoqi
（北京大学考古文博学院，北京，100871；联合国教科文组织亚太地区世界遗产培训与研究中心（北京），北京，100871）
（School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871;
World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for the Asia and the Pacific Region Under the Auspices of UNESCO Beijing, Beijing, 100871）
内容提要：大同市的情况反映出，中小博物馆中，有很大一部分是非国有博物馆，其运行和政府（官方）规范还存在一定的距离，而政府对中小博物馆的政策不仅基于对博物馆的重视，更源于对城市整体发展的导向；地方大馆在专业化层面依靠总分馆制度和非正式的帮扶发挥重要的调配作用；民间（非官方）层面基于个人或企业发展而保持着多样化的建馆热情，并与官方导向之间形成了共存。这些主体动力既存在着差异，同时又共同交织，促成了大同市中小博物馆群的形成与发展。这一现象表明，博物馆在建立起与多元人群的关系之时仍存在进一步发展的空间。
关键词：中小博物馆群 多主体 相互交织 多元人群
Abstract: In the case of Datong, a small and medium-sized museum group was formed and developed under complicated impetuses, where non-state-owned museums, not always operating consistently with official expectations, played an important role. Policies about small and medium-sized museums issued by authorities are focused not only on the issue of museums but also on the overall orientation of city development. What is more, relatively greater local museums play a vital role in deploying professional resources relying on the system of general-branch museums and non-official assistance. As for individuals, they hold an enthusiasm for establishing museums based on account of personal or corporate development. Different but intertwined, those multi-agent motivations together contribute to the formation and development of the museum group in Datong. Recognizing such a situation means that museums still have a way to go in establishing connections with diverse communities.
Key Words: Small and medium-sized museum group; multi-agent; intertwine; diverse community