专题介绍：考古、遗址与博物馆

编者按：

中国博物馆与考古工作密切相关，考古发掘源源不断地为博物馆提供藏品，博物馆的陈列展示与教育活动则坚持不懈地转化考古发掘与研究的成果，推动着公共考古学的发展。目前，将考古与博物馆紧紧连在一起的考古遗址博物馆的建设正当其时，其建设对普及中华文明的行动自觉、增强考古学科能力、讲述好中华文明故事具有重要意义。

本期专题聚焦于考古、遗址与博物馆的相互作用，着重探讨两个议题。一是考古发掘与遗址保护的成果如何以博物馆方式进行阐释与表达。不论是将考古成果转化为可以讲述的博物馆故事，还是运用构建遗产地文化社区的方法让文化遗产走入公众生活，考古与文化遗产专家始终积极探索着面向公众、面向社会的路径。二是考古博物馆与遗址博物馆的建设与实践及其引发的理论思考。随着重大遗址发掘的持续开展，中国考古博物馆、陕西考古博物馆等考古类博物馆陆续建成，博物馆学界有必要对这两类博物馆的特点、功能等问题从理论上做出回应：什么是遗址博物馆，遗址博物馆与遗址公园是什么关系；作为博物馆的类型之一，考古博物馆的收藏、研究、展示与教育有怎样的特色，又将如何搭建起考古学与博物馆的桥梁。

本期专题试图回答这些问题，权作引玉之砖，期待更多实践案例和更多理论思考的出现。

描述、推理和想象——考古故事的合理性

Describe, Deduce and Imagine: The Rationality of Archaeological Story

孙瀚龙

Sun Hanlong

（浙江省文物考古研究所，杭州，310012）

（Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics, Hangzhou, 310012）

内容提要：讲述好的考古故事，应当有一个重要基础和三个必要环节。所谓重要基础，是指要明确考古故事的内涵、层次、结构和语言。必要的环节，是指要经过描述、推理和想象三个阶段，由此表达和阐述出来的“史”和“事”才有立足点和落脚点，这样的考古故事在面向公众时，才能展现其文化价值和情感价值；也只有这样的考古故事才是合理的，才会有强大的生命力。

关键词：考古故事 描述 推理 想象 合理性

Abstract: When creating a reasonable archaeological story, it is necessary to build an important foundation and to accomplish three indispensable procedures. The foundation aims to clarify the contents, levels, structures and languages belonging to archaeological story. The procedures obtain description, deduction and imagination of archaeological story. Based on such foundation and procedures, the history and incident embodied in and expressed by the archaeological story will get standpoint and foothold. What is more, when the public audience read this kind of story, its cultural values and sentimental values would be understood, its rationality and vitality would be revealed.

Key Words: Archaeological story; describe; deduce; imagine; rationality

从文博场馆到文化社区——以大明宫国家遗址公园考古探索中心运营为例

From Museum to Culture Community: Daming Palace National Heritage Park Archaeological Exploration Center Operations Enhance the Innovations Practice

黎筱筱1 曹雅琪2

Li Xiaoxiao1 Cao Yaqi2

（1. 北京大地风景文化遗产保护发展有限公司，北京，100105；2. 大明宫书院，西安，710016）

（1. Beijing BES Culture Heritage Protection and Development Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100105;

2. Daming Palace Insititute, Xi’an, 710016）

内容提要：坐落在城市里的大遗址，不仅是弘扬优秀传统文化的重要物质载体，也是促进城市发展和软实力提升的独特资源。在文化遗产可持续发展的理念下，如何依托大遗址区域内的文化遗产资源搭建开放平台、提供文化服务、促进文化创新，已经成为当前文化遗产领域的重大课题。基于此，本文以大明宫国家遗址公园考古探索中心（以下简称“大明宫考古探索中心”）改造提升及运营为例，秉承将文化场馆营造为文化社区的运营理念，并对遗产地文化社区的运营要点进行总结，以期构建一种从物到人、立足历史、面向未来的运营模式。关键词：遗产地文化社区 大明宫考古探索中心 文化价值

Abstract: The complex site located in the city is not only a unique resource for building a cultural community of heritage sites, but also an important carrier to promote the value of heritage. At present, under the consensus of the concept of sustainable development, Daming Palace Archaeological Exploration Center, as a cultural experience center for archaeological knowledge, how to use a development perspective to comprehensively examine the new opportunities in the activation and utilization of the heritage, and further activate the historical culture in the complex site, extract core heritage values for transformation, construct core value screenings for cultural communities in heritage sites, build open platforms, seek breakthroughs, highlight characteristics, and explore how to transform and upgrade from cultural venues to cultural communities in heritage sites, and how to achieve success in cultural communities in heritage sites. What we have done has become an important issue that needs to be considered at present. This article elaborates on the overview of the Daming Palace Archaeological Exploration Center, the main points of operation of the cultural community, and the innovation points of the operation of the cultural community.

Key Words: Heritage site cultural community; Daming Palace Archaeological Exploration Center; cultural value

中国考古博物馆的定义、类型与特点

Definition, Types and Characteristics of Museum of Archaeology in China

高义夫1 徐婧2

Gao Yifu1 Xu Jing2

（1.上海博物馆，上海，200003；2. 吉林大学考古学院，长春，130015）

（1. Shanghai Museum, Shanghai, 200003; 2. School of Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130015）

内容提要：考古博物馆是近年来在国内快速发展的一类博物馆，此类博物馆对展示考古成果、普及考古知识、传播传统文化有重要作用。本文系统梳理前人观点，进一步阐释此类博物馆的定义与内涵，在分析国内考古博物馆类型与发展现状的基础上，对考古博物馆在收藏、研究、展览、教育等方面的特点进行了讨论。

关键词：考古博物馆 定义 类型 特点

Abstract: Museum of archaeology is a kind of specialized museum which has developed in China in recent years. Such museum plays an important role in displaying archaeological achievements, disseminating archaeological knowledge, and spreading traditional culture. This paper systematically sorts out the views of other researchers, explains the definition of the archaeological museum, and discusses the characteristics of archaeological museum in terms of collection, research, exhibition, and education on the basis of analyzing the development status of domestic archaeological museum.

Key Words: Museum of archaeology; definition; types; characteristics

试论遗址博物馆与遗址公园的关系

The Relationship Between Site Museum and Site Park

孙华

Sun Hua

（北京大学考古文博学院，北京，100871）

（School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871）

内容提要：遗址博物馆是主要的博物馆类型之一，学界对其多有讨论。在总结前人研究成果的基础上，笔者认为，它是集遗址可移动文物的室内陈列和不可移动文物的露天展示为一体的空间，保管、诠释/展陈和研究一个遗址的全部文物，兼具社会教育职能。遗址公园则是依托于历代人们长期聚居城镇、村落或从事专门或专业活动场所的废址建立的、以更好地保护和展示遗址为主要目的公共园林或公共园区。遗址博物馆和遗址公园在目标、功能、手段等方面具有相似性和相关性，应当推动二者规划、建设和运营的一体化。鉴于遗址公园建设目前存在诸多问题，以遗址博物馆建设引导遗址公园建设，或许有助于遗址公园的发展。

关键词：遗址 遗址博物馆 遗址公园 文化遗产展示

Abstract: As one of the major museum type, site museum attracts scholar’s attentions a lot. Based on previous study, this article believes that site museum is the building, place, and social public education institution for the storage, interpretation, exhibition, and study of all artifacts of the site. The display of the site museum integrates an indoor display of movable artifacts and an open-air display of immovable artifacts. The site park is a public garden or public park built on the ruins of a town, village, or place of specialized or professional activities where people have lived for long periods, with the main purpose of better protecting and displaying the site. Because site museums and site parks have similarities and correlations in goals, functions, and means, it is necessary to promote the integration of their planning, construction, and operation. Given the many problems of site park construction at present, guiding site park construction with site museum construction may help the development of site parks.

Key Words: Site; site museum; site park; display of cultural heritage