专题介绍：苏东海博物馆学学术思想研究
编者按：
苏东海先生是新中国博物馆学研究拓荒者、中国博物馆协会终身成就奖荣誉获得者，为中国博物馆学理论研究、博物馆学理论体系建设、人才培养、国际交流作出了重要贡献。
苏东海先生曾为本刊题词“加油”，他对中国博物馆学的发展充满信心，对后学们满怀期望。为了表达对老一辈博物馆学家的缅怀与尊敬，冀以赓续传承，表征中国博物馆学研究生生不息，后学奋进创新，本刊于苏东海先生95寿诞之际特别编发“苏东海博物馆学学术思想研究”专题，有幸邀请到梁吉生、马自树、孙郁等先生赐稿。专题围绕苏东海博物馆学学术思想的形成、发展、体系结构和主要学术贡献展开论述，包括苏东海博物馆学学术思想与学术贡献评述、苏东海博物馆学学术理论方法与观点阐释发微、苏东海博物馆学与中国博物馆实践、新时期中国特色博物馆学理论问题探讨等主题。
苏东海先生坚持用历史唯物主义方法研究博物馆现象，坚持结合中国博物馆发展实际情况建设中国特色博物馆学理论体系，坚持批判性借鉴国外博物馆学理论与方法开拓中国博物馆学研究之路，坚持把握时代脉搏阐释分析博物馆新事物新问题。他最有影响力的两篇论文《博物馆演变史纲》《博物馆物论》都是运用马克思主义理论方法研究博物馆学所取得的重要成果，为中国博物馆学理论体系奠定了基石。
中国博物馆学理论体系的建设，必须以马克思主义为指导，必须弘扬中华优秀传统文化，必须结合中国实情，必须批判性地借鉴国外博物馆学理论方法，必须用发展的眼光看待博物馆新事物新现象。这是中国博物馆学研究者的责任，也是中国博物馆学研究者对世界博物馆学的智慧贡献。
岁次壬寅，万象更新，中国博物馆事业如日之升，吾辈当秉承先贤之志，不忘初心，砥砺前行。
在改革开放世纪交点上的苏东海
Su Donghai at the Turning Point of China’s Reform and Opening-up
梁吉生
Liang Jisheng
（南开大学，天津，300071）
（Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071）
内容提要：苏东海是改革开放以来中国博物馆学研究的带头人。他以壮晚之年跻身中国博物馆学研究，贴近社会，贴近博物馆，贴近国际博物馆现状，理论联系实际，坚持历史唯物主义方法论，以“博物馆性”、人、物等基础理论，推动博物馆学科建设，提升中国博物馆学话语权和正面形象。论文集《博物馆的沉思——苏东海论文选》，既是富有价值的博物馆学思考，更是为学一生的镜像，展现了一个马克思主义学人秉承博物馆使命的卓越贡献和充盈家国情怀的精神世界。
关键词：苏东海 博物馆学 《博物馆的沉思——苏东海论文选》
Abstract: Su Donghai is a respected leader of museology since the era of China’s reform and opening-up. He started his research on Chinese museums in his late years by closely interacting with the Chinese society, Chinese museums, and foreign museums; he integrated theory with practice and insisted the methodology of historical materialism, with clear characters of realistic solicitude and theoretical depth; he contributed to the formation of Chinese museology by developing a series of theories about “museum essence", people, and things, thereby enhancing the global voice and positive image of Chinese museology. A personal autobiography, Meditation of Museums in China: Selected Museology Papers of Su Donghai has unique characteristics of our time and provides the most valuable insights, which literally reflects his lifetime research achievements. This book describes a spiritual world of a Marxist scholar who deeply loves his country and has made extraordinary achievements in museology.
Key Words: Su Donghai; museology; Meditation of Museums in China: Selected Museology Papers of Su Donghai
苏东海的学术贡献
Su Donghai’s Academic Contribution
马自树
Ma Zishu
（国家文物局，北京，100009）
（National Cultural Heritage Administration, Beijing, 100009）
内容提要：苏东海运用马克思主义的观点和方法，从历史唯物主义出发，理论联系实际，把博物馆学研究置于马克思主义大框架之中，厘清博物馆演变史，探寻博物馆本质特征，对中国特色博物馆学的构建具有一定的开创之功。他的学术研究关注现实，发现并力图解决现实问题，对中国博物馆实践具有很强的指导意义。他主编《中国博物馆》和《中国博物馆通讯》多年，有力地推动了博物馆工作和学术的发展，培养了大批中青年学术研究骨干。
关键词：苏东海 博物馆研究 历史唯物主义 现实问题 《中国博物馆》
Abstract: Using Marxism viewpoints and methods, starting from historical materialism and integrating theory with practice, Su Donghai put the study of museology in the framework of Marxism, clarified the evolution history of museums and explored the essential characteristics of museums, which has a certain pioneering contribution to the construction of museology with Chinese characteristics. His academic research focused on reality, found and tried to solve practical issues, which has a great guiding significance for the practice of Chinese museums. He was the editor in chief of Chinese Museum and Newsletter of Chinese Museums for years. He effectively promoted the development of museum work and academia, and trained many young and middle-aged museum professionals.
Key Words: Su Donghai; museum study; historical materialism; practical issues; Chinese Museum
苏东海的美育意识
Su Donghai’s Consciousness of Aesthetic Education
孙郁
Sun Yu
（中国人民大学文学院，北京，100872）
（School of Liberal Arts, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872）
内容提要：苏东海是新中国博物馆研究的拓荒者。源于他丰富的教育背景及民国美育思想的影响，美育观念深潜于他对博物馆的思考中，是其学术思想的重要组成部分。苏东海的美育意识主要体现在情感论和价值论方面，其表述可归结为情感体验、警惕技术主义、形而上的愉悦感和崇高感的培养等几点。
关键词：苏东海 博物馆 美育 情感
Abstract: Su Donghai is a pioneer in the research of People’s Republic of China Museum. Originated from his rich educational background and the influence of aesthetic education thought of the Republic of China, his thinking on the museum, the concept of aesthetic education is a basic and important part of his academic thought. Su Donghai’s aesthetic education consciousness is mainly reflected in emotion theory and value theory. Its expression can be summarized as emotional experience, vigilance against technicalism, metaphysical pleasure and sublimity, etc.
Key Words: Su Donghai; museum; aesthetic education; emotion
苏东海“博物馆物”思想初探
Research on Su Donghai’s Thought of Museum Objects
宋向光
Song Xiangguang
（北京大学考古文博学院，北京，100871）
（School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871）
内容提要：本文解读苏东海“博物馆物是博物馆存在的物质基础”命题核心概念的内涵及外延，讨论苏东海“博物馆物”思想的来源、要义及对中国博物馆学理论发展的影响。苏东海先生从“博物馆物”的实物性和客观性导入，论述博物馆业务的合理性和逻辑性，讨论博物馆存在的物质性，探讨博物馆物与博物馆精神现象的关系。基于“博物馆物”的特点，探讨博物馆物与博物馆制度的辩证关系，补足博物馆本体的制度要件。
关键词：博物馆物 博物馆存在 博物馆物质基础 博物馆制度 博物馆本体
Abstract: This essay analyzes the connotation and extension of Su Donghai’s core concept that “museum objects are the material basis of museum existence", and discusses the origin and significance of Su Donghai’s thought of museum objects and its influence on the development of Chinese museology theory. Mr. Su Donghai discusses the rationality and logic of museum professional work, the materiality of museum existence, and the relationship between museum objects and museum spiritual phenomena. Based on the characteristics of museum objects, this essay demonstrates the dialectical relationship between museum objects and museum system, and complements the institutional elements of museum noumenon.
Key Words: Museum objects; museum existence; museum material basis; museum system; museum noumenon
物人关系的进阶之道——苏东海博物馆思想探析
The Advanced Way of the Relationship Between Material Things and People:
Analysis of Su Donghai’s Museum Thought
曹兵武
Cao Bingwu
（中国文化遗产研究院，北京，100029）
（Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, Beijing, 100029）
内容提要：苏东海先生在学生时代就初步确立了历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义思想，而通过由部队转业至中国革命博物馆后的博物馆实践——以物展陈、以物证史、收藏保管，他不仅成功实现了向博物馆人的角色转换，对物的认识也大大深化与拓展，为其以物为核心的博物馆学思想奠定了坚实的基础。主编《中国博物馆》杂志及对国内外博物馆现象与趋势的追踪研究以及对博物馆的系统思考，使其成为了中国博物馆学的一面理论之旗。生态博物馆的探索和博物馆文化的思索，对文物保护利用的思考和呼吁，使其成为理论与实践合一的博物馆思想家，也超越博物馆与博物馆之物，将自身的思想与实践融入了社会发展的时代洪流之中。
关键词：苏东海 博物馆之物 文化遗产 生态博物馆 博物馆文化
Abstract: Mr. Su Donghai initially established the thoughts of historical materialism and dialectical materialism when he was a student. After he transferred from the army to the Central Revolution Museum, he not only adapted the role of museum professional, but also greatly improved the cognition of objects in museum. It laid a solid foundation for his museology thought with “museum objects as the core" through the museum practice including exhibition of objects, historical research of material evidence and collection. The editor in chief of Chinese Museum, the tracking research on museum phenomena and trends at home and abroad, and the systematic thinking on museums have made him a theoretical banner of Chinese museology. The exploration of eco-museum and cultural theory of museum, as well as the thinking and appeal for the protection and utilization of cultural heritage, make him a museum thinker integrating theory and practice. It also goes beyond the museum and museum objects, and integrates its own thought and practice in the social development.
Key Words: Su Donghai; museum objects; cultural heritage; eco-museum; cultural theory of museum
批判性思维：解读苏东海博物馆学的一种维度
Critical Thinking: A Dimension of Interpreting Su Donghai’s Museum Thought
史吉祥
Shi Jixiang
（成都体育学院历史文化系，成都，610041）
（Faculty of History and Culture, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041）
内容提要：中国博物馆学术史以学人划分的话，陈端志、曾昭燏是第一代代表性人物，苏东海是第二代代表性人物。和第一代学者一样，苏东海是从其他学科转入到博物馆学领域的;而和前一代不同，他身上具有鲜明的批判性思维特点。苏东海的博物馆学可以冠名为批判博物馆学，这是理解苏东海自称是一个马克思主义者的重要维度。
关键词：苏东海 博物馆学 批判性思维
Abstract: If the academic history of Chinese museums is divided by generation of scholars, Chen Duanzhi and Zeng Zhaoyu are the representative figures of the first generation, Su Donghai is the representative figure of the second generation. Like the first generation of scholars, Su Donghai transferred from another discipline to the field of museology, while unlike the previous generation, he has distinct critical thinking characteristics, and Su Donghai’s museology can be called critical museology. This is an important dimension in understanding Su Donghai’s self-proclaimed Marxist.
Key Words: Su Donghai; museology; critical thinking
试论博物馆演变形态学说
Research on the Evolution Theory of Museum
张文立
Zhang Wenli
（吉林大学考古学院，长春，130012）
（School of Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012）
内容提要：博物馆演变形态学说是苏东海博物馆史研究的重要成果之一。本文从生成背景、基本内涵、创见以及思想来源等方面对这一学说进行了初步探讨。博物馆演变形态学说生成于20世纪80年代末。它构建了博物馆形态概念，就博物馆演变提出了一种新解释。该学说是运用历史唯物主义方法分析博物馆演变的一项成果，是改革开放以来博物馆史领域取得的主要进展之一。
关键词：博物馆 演变 形态
Abstract: The theory of pattern of museum transformation is one of Su Donghai’s major academic achievements in museum history. This paper examines the theory, including its background, meanings, unique contributions and sources of thoughts. The theory emerged in the end of 1980’s. The idea of museum pattern is coined in it. Meanwhile, the theory offers us a new interpretation of the evolution of museum. The theory is an important achievement which results from the analysis of the evolution of museum with the method of historical materialism, and one of main advancements in this field since the reform and opening-up.
Key Words: Museum; evolution; pattern
苏东海关于中国特色博物馆学的构想
Su Donghai and Museology with Chinese Characteristics
尹凯
Yin Kai
（山东大学文化遗产研究院，青岛，266237）
（Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237）
内容提要：如何探索、创建与发展中国特色博物馆学的理论体系是近些年来国内博物馆界普遍关注的问题。早在20世纪90年代初，苏东海先生在两篇文章中集中论述过其对中国特色博物馆学的认识。“中国特色博物馆学”这一固定表达虽然鲜见于先生同时期和随后的其他文章中，但是与之相关的构想与关切依然散见于“新旧文化碰撞”“外来博物馆文化的引进”“创建地区或国家的博物馆学”等论述中。可以说，先生关于中国特色博物馆学的构想并不是一种急于彰显差异的标新立异式尝试，而是体现了他对中国博物馆学从何处来、到何处去的深切关照。重温先生关于中国特色博物馆学的构想、感受先生字里行间流露出来的从容自信，有助于我们重新思考与中国特色博物馆学有关的问题。
关键词：苏东海 博物馆学 中国特色博物馆学 关系结构
Abstract: How to explore, establish and develop the theoretical system of museology with Chinese characteristics has become a common concern in the domestic museum field recently. In the early 1990’s, Su Donghai expressed his understanding of museology with Chinese characteristics intensively in two papers. Although the fixed expression of “museum with Chinese characteristics” was not found in contemporaneous and subsequent researches, related ideas and concerns are still scattered in other papers, such as “culture clash between old and new", “the introduction of foreign museum culture", “establish the regional or national museologies". It can be said that Su Donghai’s conception of museology with Chinese characteristics is not an attempt to blindly make changes and differences, but represents his deep concern for the fate of museology in China. Reviewing Su Donghai’s conception of museology with Chinese characteristics and feeling his ease and confidence in his words will help us rethink some issues related to museology with Chinese characteristics.
Key Words: Su Donghai; museology; museology with Chinese characteristics; relational structure
生态博物馆理论及其北京实践——致敬中国博物馆学的杰出贡献者苏东海
Eco-museum Theory and Its Practice in Beijing: A Salute to Su Donghai, Outstanding Contributor to Chinese Museology
白杰1 张靓2 罗征2
Bai Jie1 Zhang Liang2 Luo Zheng2
（1.北京市文物局，北京，100007；2.首都博物馆，北京，100045）
（1. Beijing Municipal Cultural Heritage Bureau, Beijing,100007; 2. Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045）
内容提要：苏东海先生推动生态博物馆理论在中国的传播与实践，并结合城市文化遗产保护的时代主题，指导北京开展生态博物馆建设实践。调研表明，生态博物馆理论与实践具有开放性。解析生态博物馆在北京“博物馆之城”建设中的发展路径，发现社会、政府、博物馆业应为三足鼎立、互为支撑的体系结构。
关键词：苏东海 生态博物馆理论 北京实践 博物馆之城 城市社区
Abstract: Su Donghai promoted the spread and practice of eco-museum theory in China, and guided the construction practice of eco-museum in Beijing in combination with the era theme of urban cultural heritage protection. The research shows that the theory and practice of eco-museum are open. Deconstruct the development path of eco-museum in the construction of Beijing Museum City, and find that society, government and museum industry should be a tripartite and mutually supportive system structure.
Key Words: Su Donghai; eco-museum theory; practice in Beijing; Museum City; urban community
以藏品的名义——纪念苏东海先生
By the Name of Collections: Tribute to Mr. Su Donghai
黄雪寅
Huang Xueyin
（首都博物馆，北京，100045）
（Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045）
内容提要：2021年8月16日，著名博物馆学家、国家博物馆终身成就奖获得者苏东海先生逝世，引发了业界对于苏东海博物馆理论与实践成就的再次关注和深刻思考。苏东海先生历来十分重视藏品研究，在论及陈列展览、中国博物馆科学发展、城市博物馆时，都特别注重藏品，并从藏品延伸，提出博物馆物的概念，博物馆物是苏先生博物馆学的核心。2014年苏东海先生和夫人王迪女士向首都博物馆捐赠他们毕生珍贵物证，成为首博重要藏品。笔者受苏先生指教，在博物馆藏品搜集过程中，带领团队进行全链条实践，践行苏先生关于博物馆藏品价值理念。
关键词：苏东海 百件物证捐赠 革命夫妻 全链条征集 城市博物馆
Abstract: Mr. Su Donghai, a famous museologist and winner of the National Museum Lifetime Achievement Award, past away August 16,2021. It triggers the academia’s renewed attention and profound thinking on the theoretical and practical achievements of Su Donghai. Mr. Su attached great importance to the study of collections, in terms of the exhibitions, the scientific development of Chinese museums and urban museums, he focused on collections, extended from collections and put forward the concept of objects in museum, which is the core of Mr. Su’s museology. In 2014, Mr. Su Donghai and his wife, Ms. Wang Di, donated precious material evidence in their lifetime to the Capital Museum. Under the guidance of Mr. Su’s collection value, our team carry on the whole-process practice in museum collection.
Key Words: Su Donghai; hundred pieces of material evidence donation; revolutionary couple; whole-process collection; urban museum
博物馆和博物馆学研究“继往”与“开来”的四个问题——启迪于苏东海博物馆学术思想
Four Issues of Carry Forward the Tradition and Forge Ahead into the Future in Museum and Museology Study: Enlightenment on the Museum Academic Thought of Su Donghai
安来顺
An Laishun
（上海大学文化遗产与信息管理学院，上海，200444）
（School of Cultural Heritage and Information Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444）
内容提要：苏东海博物馆学术思想的鲜明特征之一，是将对传统的吸收借鉴与对变革的热情审慎相结合。在不少论著中，苏东海先生阐述了博物馆本质、博物馆物、博物馆教育和博物馆科技运用等问题，其中许多观点既借鉴传统又有创建，十分精辟，即使在今天仍具有重要价值。受苏东海先生博物馆学术思想的启迪，笔者就博物馆定义修订、博物馆藏品动态开发、博物馆新形态学习和博物馆数字技术应用等趋势性问题进行了初步思考。
关键词：苏东海 博物馆学 博物馆定义 博物馆藏品开发 博物馆学习 博物馆数字技术
Abstract: One of the distinctive features of Su Donghai’s museum academic thought is to combine the absorption of tradition with the enthusiasm and prudence of reform. In his works, Mr. Su Donghai elaborated on the essence of museums, museum objects, museum education and the application of museum science and technology, etc. Many of them draw on tradition and creation. They are very incisive and still have important value even today. Inspired by Mr. Su Donghai’s academic thought of museum, this essay makes a preliminary reflection on the practical issues such as the revision of museum definition, the dynamic development of museum collections, the new forms of museum learning and the application of digital technology in museum.
Key Words: Su Donghai; museology; museum definition; the development of museum collections; museum learning; digital technology in museum