专题介绍：考古遗址博物馆与考古遗址公园
编者按：
自20世纪50年代以来，在新中国考古重大发现与研究新认识的基础上，随着中国猿人陈列馆（后更名为周口店遗址博物馆）、西安半坡博物馆、定陵博物馆的成立，我国的考古遗址类博物馆如雨后春笋般出现。而世纪之交，随着大遗址保护理念的更新，国家考古遗址公园这种结合了博物馆与遗址保护、利用优势的结合体成为新亮点。
我国的考古遗址博物馆、考古遗址公园适应了社会发展进程，是具有多种功能的文化复合体，充分体现了博物馆的功能，且这种功能会随着社会的发展而发展。相对于考古遗址博物馆、考古遗址公园在建设方面的突出成绩，其理论基础与运营、维护、管理仍有待加强。近年来学术界、管理机构以及各博物馆、遗址公园一方面积极向相关学科汲取学术给养，另一方面也在行业内对其理论与实施认真思考，这些都有利于整个行业的发展，为社会提供更好的服务。本期刊发的六篇文章，既有宏观的理论思考，又有跨学科的理念创新；既有对建设实践得失、利弊的反思，又有对近70年学术史的理性盘点。它们表达了对考古遗址博物馆与考古遗址公园共同的期待——保护文明、揭示文明、表达文明。
考古遗址公园发展语境中的考古遗址博物馆
Site Museums in a Time of Archaeological Site Park
王刃馀
Wang Renyu
（中国社会科学院考古研究所，北京，100710）
（The Institute of Archaeology, CASS, Beijing, 100710）
内容提要：近十年来，考古遗址公园在我国呈现出较快的发展态势。考古遗址博物馆往往是考古遗址公园的重要组成部分，甚至在很多遗址，就是其核心的展示内容。作为大遗址的一种利用方式，考古遗址博物馆有其发展的时代特征，但就其采用的各种技术手段与展示方式而言，则有着更早的渊源。作为“博物馆”形态的拓展，考古遗址博物馆是对考古遗址较早的一种利用形式，而在对考古遗址的阐释方面，它是早于“园区”模式的一种尝试。这为后来的遗址公园设计提供了必备的阐释手段与空间建构经验。在当代中国，考古遗址博物馆在事实上已经构成了大遗址主体利用方式的核心环节。
关键词：考古遗址博物馆 考古遗址公园 大遗址 发展状况
Abstract: In the past ten years, archaeological site parks in China have undergone a rapid development. By the end of 2017, China already had 36 national-level archaeological parks, and the provinces such as Shandong, Zhejiang, and Fujian also began to choose their own provincial-level archaeological parks. It can be said with certainty that the "archaeological site park" has now constituted the predominant ways of archaeological heritage representation in China. Archaeological site museums are often the most important part of such heritage parks at present. This paper examines briefly the history of "archaeological site museum" and tries to define it more broadly, and discusses the difficulties it may face in the nearest future.
Key Words: Archaeological site museum; archaeological site park; grand archaeological sites; development
浅议考古遗址公园的符号构建
Discussion on the Construction of Symbol in Archaeological Site Park
郑漫丽
Zheng Manli
（成都金沙遗址博物馆，成都，610091）
（Jinsha Site Museum, Chengdu, 610091）
内容提要：一般符号学认为，全部人类经验无一例外的都是一种以符号为媒介和支撑的诠释结构。考古遗址公园作为保护和展示重要古代遗址的场所，兼顾了教育、科研、游览、休闲等多项功能，也具有符号的意义和作用。本文拟从一般符号学的视角出发，通过讨论考古遗址公园的符号特点、属性及其所属三元关系之间的符号问题，最终为考古遗址公园在文化遗产保护与利用上的符号角色塑造提出思考和建议。
关键词：符号 三元关系 考古遗址公园 文化遗产
Abstract: Charles S. Peirce's theory of signs (semiotic) is considered as a general semiotic theory. All things over the world is an interpretive structure with sign. Archaeological site park which protects important ancient sites is also a symbol of significance and function by displaying this cultural heritage. In this paper, trying into discuss the symbol characteristics, attributes and triadic relation of archaeological site park, even the problems of archaeological site park, so as to provide some thoughts in symbols shaped of archaeological site park.
Key Words: Sign; triadic relation; archaeological site park; cultural heritage
试论口述史在遗址博物馆中的运用
Research on the Application of Oral History in Site Museums
陈海霖
Chen Hailin
（北京市大葆台西汉墓博物馆，北京，100070）
（Beijing Dabaotai Western Han Tombs Museum, Beijing, 100070）
内容提要：文章理顺口述史在博物馆中的发展脉络，分析影响口述史博物馆化的主要因素，阐述遗址博物馆发展口述史工作的必要性，探索口述史与遗址博物馆工作有机结合的方式方法，指出口述史在遗址博物馆中的运用，对于抢救历史资料、扩充馆藏资源、保护文化遗产、促进科学研究、丰富展览形式、拓展教育空间等具有重要意义。
关键词：口述史 遗址博物馆 新方法 可持续发展
Abstract: This paper first summarizes the development of oral history in museums and analyses the main factors effecting oral history applied to museums. Second, it discusses the importance of site museums carrying out oral history research work, and explores the ways combing oral history with the work of site museums. Finally, it points out that the importance attached to the application of oral history holds very important significance on saving historical materials, expanding the resources in the collection of site museums, preserving cultural heritage, promoting the research activities, enriching the form of exhibition and exerting the educational functions of site museums.
Key Words: Oral history; site museums; new method; sustainable development
关于偃师商城考古遗址公园及博物馆建设的思考
Reflections on the Park of the Archaeological Site and Construction of the
Museum of the Yanshi Shang City Site
袁广阔 郭子月
Yuan Guangkuo Guo Ziyue
（首都师范大学，北京，100048）
（Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048）
内容提要：偃师商城遗址是我国早商时期最重要的都邑性遗址，也是夏商考古学研究的重要阵地。目前《偃师商城考古遗址公园规划》已经编制完成出台实施，以宫城遗址保护展示为中心，池苑、水渠、宫殿基本完成保护展示。偃师商城遗址博物馆的建设已经开始规划。本文对偃师商城遗址公园的区位特点、建筑基址原址复原的利与弊、文物资源的深入挖掘和博物馆建设等方面进行了深入探讨，认为实现科研与保护开发相结合、优化遗址公园的资源利用、展现偃师商城自身历史文化特征，将是使偃师商城考古遗址公园拥有长久活力的有效途径。文化遗产保护是一项长久工程，在对考古遗址公园建设的同时，对公众进行文化遗产宣传与教育则是实现科学性、可持续性保护行动的保障和关键所在。
关键词：偃师商城 考古遗址公园 博物馆
Abstract: The Yanshi Shang City Site is the most important national capital in Chinese early Shang dynasty, and it is also a significant position in the archaeology of Xia and Shang Dynasties. At present, the Planning of Archaeological Site Park in Yanshi Shang City Site has been prepared and implemented. With the protection and display of Palace Site as the center, the pool garden, aqueduct and palace have basically completed the protection and display. Planning has begun for the construction of the Museum of Yanshi Shang City Site. This thesis makes an in-depth discussion on the location characteristics of the Yanshi Shang City Site, the advantages and disadvantages of the restoration of the original site of the building foundation, the in-depth excavation of cultural relics resources, the construction of museums and so on. We think that the combination of research, conservation and development, optimizing the resource utilization of the site park and showing the historical and cultural characteristics of the Yanshi Shang City Site will be an effective way to make the Archaeological Site Park of the Yanshi Shang City Site have long-term vitality. Cultural heritage protection is a long-term project, while the construction of archaeological sites park, cultural heritage publicity and education to the public is the realization of scientific, guarantee and the key of sustainable protection action.
Key Words: Yanshi Shang City Site; archaeological site park; museum
扬州城考古遗址公园建设实践与思考
Practice and Consideration on the Construction of Yangzhou Archaeological Site Park
余国江 张春
Yu Guojiang Zhang Chun
（扬州城大遗址保护中心，扬州，225007）
（Yangzhou City Ruins Protection Center, Yangzhou, 225007）
内容提要：建设国家考古遗址公园是探索文化遗产保护与社会经济发展和谐共赢的有效尝试，可以做到“遗址本体保护好，周边环境整治好，人民生活改善好，经济社会发展好”。扬州城考古遗址公园的建设取得了一定的成绩，但也存在一些困难和不足。通过系统梳理已有成果和存在的问题，积极学习、借鉴其他国家考古遗址公园的先进经验，努力探索扬州城考古遗址公园的建设与管理的新思路、新路径，提出了一些有针对性、切实可行的建议与对策。
关键词：扬州城 考古遗址公园 建设实践 存在问题 对策建议
Abstract: The construction of archaeological site park is an effective attempt to explore a harmonious and win-win situation between cultural heritage protection and social and economic development. It helps to protect the site itself and its surrounding environment, improve life and develop economy. In the construction of Yangzhou Archaeological Site Park, we have made some achievements, but there are also some difficulties and deficiencies. This paper is an attempt to explore the new methods of construction and management of Yangzhou Archaeological Site Park, and put forward some suggestions and countermeasures.
Key Words: Yangzhou City; archaeological site park; practice; existing problems; countermeasures and suggestions
遗址博物馆研究文献可视化分析
A Visualized Analysis on the Academic Literature of the Site Museums
孔利宁 裴梦斐
Kong Lining Pei Mengfei
（秦始皇帝陵博物院，西安，710600）
（Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum, Xi'an, 710600）
内容提要：通过分析中国知网数据库1985—2019年有关遗址博物馆的研究文献，从总体上发现研究热点及变化趋势，为遗址博物馆的进一步研究提供思路。文章通过计量分析的方法，对研究文献的年度分布、类型、研究机构和期刊分布进行统计分析，了解其分布特点。同时，通过关键词知识图谱及聚类图，探讨了遗址博物馆研究的热点，并通过时序分析和突现词，分析研究其热点的变化趋势。通过对研究文献的分析可以看出，遗址博物馆的研究热点集中在技术研究、个案研究及内涵研究三个方面，还存在理论研究薄弱、投入较缺乏、合作较为松散等问题。并基于以上分析，对遗址博物馆的研究提出了相关的建议。
关键词：遗址博物馆 研究文献 可视化
Abstract: By analyzing the academic literature on the site museums from 1985 to 2019 in the CNKI database, this paper discusses the hot areas and trends of the research, and provides new ideas for the future research on the site museums. This paper makes a quantitative analysis of annual distribution, types, research institutions and journal distribution of literature, and using the knowledge maps and clustering maps of literature to explore the hot areas of site museum research, and then finds the change of these hot areas during different periods. Finally, the paper makes suggestions for the research of the site museums.
Key Words: Site museum; academic literature; visualization