国际视角下艺术治疗在博物馆中的应用与功能性
The Application and Functionality of Art Therapy in Museums from an International Perspective
姜燕蓉
Jiang Yanrong
（莱斯特大学博物馆学院，莱斯特）
（School of Museum Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester）
内容提要：2021年国际博物馆日主题为“博物馆的未来：恢复与重塑”，其中强调博物馆应顺应时代要求，创新发展思路，成为疫情后社会恢复的主要动力。而随着全球疫情对社会与个体的影响，西方博物馆开始思考如何利用博物馆力量来关注大众的生理与心理健康，艺术治疗便成为疫情期间博物馆主要提供的服务之一。目前，我国博物馆学界对艺术治疗在博物馆中的应用还缺乏系统的探究，欲开展相关研究与服务，一方面需要对该领域进行系统的文献爬梳，以国际视野探究该领域的研究热点及新兴发展趋势；另一方面还应明确艺术治疗在博物馆、美术馆中的应用功能与潜力，从而因地制宜，把握艺术治疗在我国博物馆中的本土化发展方向。
关键词：博物馆 艺术治疗 博物馆与健康 幸福感
Abstract: The Future of Museums: Recover and Reimagine, the theme of the International Museum Day in 2021, emphasised the need for museums to catch up with the times and provided innovative development ideas for becoming the main driver of social recovery in the post-pandemic era. With the impact of the pandemic on society and individuals, Western museums began to consider how to use the social functions of museums to care for the public’s physical and mental health, and art therapy became one of the most services offered by museums during the pandemic. Currently, the application and function of art therapy in museums has not been systematically explored by the Chinese museums’ professions. In order to deliver art therapy programmes and conduct relevant research, museums in China need to perform a systematic literature review of the field. In addition, they need to explore the hotspots of research and emerging trends in the field from an international perspective. It is also crucial to recognise the functions and potential of art therapy in museums and galleries, and adapt it to our local conditions to clarify the direction of a localised development of art therapy in Chinese museums.
Key Words: Museum; art therapy; museums and health; wellbeing
家校社协同育人视域下场馆参观经历的教育效果研究
——基于CEPS初中生样本的实证分析
Research on the Educational Effects of Junior Hign School Students’ Venue Visits Under the Perspective of Family-School-Society Cooperation in Education: An Empirical Study Based on the CEPS Data
龚欣 肖婕
Gong Xin Xiao Jie
（华中师范大学教育学院，武汉，430079）
（School of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079）
内容提要：基于中国教育追踪调查数据，以场馆参观频率为核心解释变量，实证探究其对初中生认知能力和非认知能力的影响。多元回归分析结果表明，场馆参观经历，特别是与同学一起进行的参观活动，对初中生的认知能力和非认知能力具有正向促进作用，尤其在积极情绪、社会性、开放性、自信心方面呈现出非常显著的教育效果。与家长一同参观场馆的效果更多体现在非认知能力上。对此应鼓励学校和家庭充分利用校外场馆学习资源，健全学校家庭社会协同育人机制。
关键词：场馆学习 家校社协同育人 初中生 认知能力 非认知能力
Abstract: Based on data from China Education Panel Survey (CEPS), this paper empirically explores the effects of venue visit frequency on the cognitive and non-cognitive abilities of junior hign school students. The results of OLS regression analysis showed that, the frequency of junior hign school students’ venue visit (especially the visits with schoolmates) exhibits a positive effect on their cognitive ability test score; and the effects on non-cognitive abilities also exist, especially in terms of positive emotion, sociality, openness and self-confidence. The effect of visiting venues with parents is more on non-cognitive abilities. In this regard, schools and families should be encouraged to make full use of the learning resources of off-campus venues and improve the school-family-society collaborative education mechanism.
Key Words: Venue learning; family-school-society cooperation in education; junior hign school students; cognitive ability; noncognitive ability
搜红色文化物证 集时代精神财富——试论革命文物内涵挖掘与潜能释放
Search for Red Cultural Material Evidence Collect the Spiritual Wealth of the Times: On the Connotation Excavation and the Potential Release of Revolutionary Cultural Relics
黄雪寅
Huang Xueyin
（首都博物馆，北京，100045）
（Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045）
内容提要：本文以博物馆革命文物搜集与研究为出发点，对其物证特质进行分析，深入探讨革命文物收藏与质量问题。以革命文物搜集为例，分析目前博物馆、纪念馆在文物征集、研究等方面存在的问题，提出革命文物内涵的挖掘与潜能释放的解决办法，以体现革命文物的情感特征。并借鉴苏东海先生关于革命文物研究的思想，探讨目前博物馆、纪念馆在革命文物征集和内涵挖掘等方面应采取的态度。
关键词：革命文物 红色文化物证 精神财富 内涵挖掘 潜能释放 情感特征
Abstract: This paper takes the collection and research of revolutionary cultural relics in museums as the starting point, analyzes characteristics of their material evidence, and probes into the accumulation and quality of revolutionary cultural relics. Taking the collection of revolutionary cultural relics as an example, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the collection and research of cultural relics in museums and memorial halls. Then, it puts forward solutions to explore the connotation of revolutionary cultural relics and release their potentials, so as to reflect the emotional characteristics of revolutionary cultural relics. It also draws on Mr. Su Donghai’s thoughts on the study of revolutionary cultural relics, and discusses the attitudes that museums and memorial halls should adopt in the collection and excavation of revolutionary cultural relics.
Key Words: Revolutionary cultural relics; red cultural material evidence; spiritual wealth; connotation excavation; potential release; emotional characteristics
馆藏铜镜传世品研究中时空要素考察举隅
The Spatial and Temporal Elements in the Studies of Bequeathed Bronze Mirrors in Museum Collections
霍宏伟
Huo Hongwei
（中国国家博物馆，北京，100006）
（National Museum of China, Beijing, 100006）
内容提要：在博物馆的各类藏品中，铜镜传世品是较为常见的一类藏品。在鉴真辨伪的基础上，需要对其进行基础性研究，包括铜镜断代、铸造区域及出土地点的考证。今以中国国家博物馆藏东汉、唐、宋、清等不同朝代的典型铜镜作为例证，从时空要素出发，探讨铜镜传世品断代、制作与出土区域等问题，并总结出一些规律性的认识，以利于今后博物馆开展馆藏传世品的研究工作。
关键词：博物馆 铜镜传世品 断代 铸造区域 出土地点
Abstract: Of the various kinds of objects collected in museums, bequeathed bronze mirrors handed down from history are a common type of collection. Based on the investigation of their authenticity, we need to conduct research on some fundamental issues, including dating, casting sites, and finding spots. Focusing on typical bronze mirrors of the Eastern Han, Tang, Song, and Qing dynasties in the collection of the National Museum of China, this article, from the spatial and temporal perspectives, explores above mentioned issues and concludes some methods to facilitate future research works on bequeathed artifacts in museums.
Key Words: Museum; bequeathed bronze mirrors; dating; casting sites; finding spots
蓟州地区经幢研究
A Study of Dhvajas in Jizhou
彭昊
Peng Hao
（南开大学历史学院，天津，300071）
（Faculty of History, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071）
内容提要：经幢作为重要的石刻文物，是研究宗教建筑、佛教信仰问题不可忽视的参考资料。蓟州现存多座古代经幢的实物，在地方志中也常见关于修建经幢的记载。这些经幢年代自唐至明清，分属信众功德幢、寺庙经幢、墓幢三种类型。开展对于蓟州经幢的综合研究，对于深入理解佛教的地方传播历程，探索古代信众、僧侣的精神世界具有重要价值。
关键词：蓟州 经幢 密宗信仰 佛顶尊胜陀罗尼
Abstract: As an important stone carving cultural relic, dhvajas can not be ignored in the study of religious architecture and Buddhist belief. At present, there are many dhvajas in Jizhou, which are also commonly recorded in local chronicles. These dhvajas span the Tang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and belong to three types: believers’ virtue dhvajas, dhvajas belonging to temples, and dhvajas belonging to tombs. A comprehensive study of the dhvajas in Jizhou is of great value for understanding the local spread of Buddhism and exploring the spiritual world of ancient believers and monks.
Key Words: Jizhou; dhvajas; Esoteric Buddhism; Dharani Sutra
明永宣时期御窑仿伊斯兰方流执壶的源流与传承
The Origin and Inheritance of the Imperial Kiln’s Imitating Islamic Square Handled Ewer in the Yongle and Xuande Periods of the Ming Dynasty
裴亚静
Pei Yajing
（首都博物馆，北京，100045）
（Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045）
内容提要：由于海外贸易的需要，明代永乐、宣德时期景德镇御器厂烧造了一批模仿西亚伊斯兰金属器的瓷器，包括烛台、方流执壶，扁壶等。本文以方流执壶为例，探讨明代永宣时期御窑模仿伊斯兰金属器烧造瓷器的转化过程。从国内出土实物来看，当时应有伊斯兰金属器流传到中国。
关键词：永宣时期 伊斯兰金属器 官样 源流 模仿
Abstract: To meet the demand of overseas trade, Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln workshop in the Yongle and Xuande periods of the Ming Dynasty produced a series of porcelain that imitated Islamic metalwares in Western Asia, including the taperstick, square spout ewer, canteen, etc. Taking the square spout ewer as an example, this paper discusses the transformation and process of Jingdezhen imperial kiln imitating Islamic metalware in the Yongle and Xuande periods of the Ming Dynasty. From the objects unearthed in China, the square spout ewer should be attributed to the spread of Islamic metal ware to China at that time.
Key Words: Yongle and Xuande periods; Islamic metalware; official style; origin and development; imitation
浅析博物馆与观众互动关系的困境与缓解
Analysis of the Dilemma and Alleviation of the Interaction Between
the Museum and the Audience
周方园 杨怡 姜雨杉
Zhou Fangyuan Yang Yi Jiang Yushan
（中国社会科学院大学，北京，102488）
（University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 102488）
内容提要：互动是博物馆陈列与观众沟通的重要手段之一，按照互动主体关系不同，可分为“观众—物”“观众—工作人员”“观众—观众”三种类型。但目前博物馆互动还存在博物馆陈列行动者、陈列要素、博物馆与观众的分离，陈列的低延展性，陈列数字化进展缓慢等困境，造成观众与各主体互动缺乏，互动效果差。为破解这一困境，博物馆要从宏观和微观两方面与观众形成良好的互动关系，遵循全覆盖、有意义、有吸引力等原则，在互动内容科学准确的基础上，兼顾互动设计的合理性和可操作性，最终实现有效互动。
关键词：博物馆 观众 互动关系
Abstract: Interaction is one of the crucial means of communication between museum display and audience. According to the different relationships between interactive subjects, it can be classified into three types: “audience-object”, “audience-staff” and “audience-audience”. However, there are still difficulties in museum interaction such as the separation between policy-makers and executors, the separation between exhibition elements and audiences, low ductility of displays, and slow progress in the digitization of exhibitions, all of which result in a lack of interaction between audiences and various subjects and poor interaction effects. To solve this dilemma, the museum should form a good interactive relationship with the audience from both macro and micro aspects, follow the principles of full coverage, meaningfulness and attractiveness, and take into account the rationality and operability of interactive design based on the scientific accuracy of interactive content, and finally achieve effective interaction.
Key Words: Museum; audience; interaction
试析博物馆学习单的功能——从博物馆学习的特性出发
An Analysis of the Functions of the Work Sheet in the Museum:
From the Perspective of the Characteristics of Museum Learning
任心禾
Ren Xinhe
（复旦大学，上海，200433）
（Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433）
内容提要：学习单作为馆校合作的工具被引入我国博物馆实践，其编写一直遵循学校教育的逻辑，无法有效促成博物馆学习的发生。本文根植于博物馆学习的实物性、空间性、自由选择性三大特性，通过剖析优秀案例，将博物馆语境下学习单的功能归纳为：阐释展品、深化参与、引导探索、整合资源四项，同时给出相应的编写策略并辅以案例佐证。博物馆学习单的编写应当以其功能的实现为导向，以是否真正促进博物馆学习为准绳不断提高内容质量。
关键词：博物馆 学习单 博物馆学习
Abstract: Work sheet has been introduced into museum practice in China as a tool for museum-school collaboration, but their development has followed the logic of school education and has not been effective in enabling museum learning to take place. Based on the three main characteristics of museum learning: physicality, spatiality and free-choice environmental learning, this paper analyses the functions of work sheet in museum contexts and summarises them into four categories: explaining exhibits, deepening participation, guiding exploration and integrating resources, while providing corresponding strategies and supporting them with case studies. The development of museum learning sheets should be guided by the fulfilment of their functions, and the quality of the content should be constantly improved in terms of whether it truly promotes museum learning.
Key Words: Museum; work sheet; museum learning
关于游戏化对博物馆展览的价值与应用研究
Research on the Significance and Application of Gamification to Museum Exhibitions
杨莹 沈琳
Yang Ying Shen Lin
（苏州博物馆，苏州，215001）
（Suzhou Museum, Suzhou, 215001）
内容提要：近年来，我国多家博物馆在展览中进行了游戏化尝试，以求创造出身临其境、引人入胜的参观体验，培养了观众的观展兴趣，加深了观众对展览文化历史背景的了解。游戏化在博物馆展览中逐渐呈现出积极的社会影响力。本文基于博物馆展览的游戏化价值与应用，对互动沉浸的博物馆游戏化设计策略、创新展览的博物馆游戏化空间进行研究，并针对游戏化在博物馆展览中存在的问题以及未来的发展提出了相应的建议。
关键词：博物馆 展览设计 策展 游戏化 展览体验
Abstract: In recent years, many Chinese museums have launched various gamified exhibitions, creating an immersive and fascinating visiting experience, cultivating the audiences’ interest in museums, and deepening the audiences’ cultural and historical knowledge. Gamified exhibitions have gradually exerted positive social influence. This article mainly analyzes the exhibition gamification, conducts research on problems based on interactive immersion, gamification design strategies and innovative exhibition methods, and puts forward corresponding suggestions for the current problems and future development.
Key Words: Museum; exhibition design; curation; gamification; exhibition experience
常州博物馆旅游吸引力评估与提升研究
Research on Cultural Activation and Tourism Attraction Promotion of Changzhou Museum
路亚北1 李敏1 杨赛1 刘泽华2 王艳1 左佳佳1 颜丙金2
Lu Yabei1 Li Min1 Yang Sai1 Liu Zehua2 Wang Yan1 Zuo Jiajia1 Yan Bingjin2
（1.常州博物馆，常州，213022；2.南京财经大学工商管理学院，南京，210023）
（1. Changzhou Museum, Changzhou, 213022;
2. School of Business Administration, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023）
内容提要：博物馆作为收集、典藏、陈列自然和人类文化遗产的重要场所，最主要的是发挥自身的文化作用，而非仅限于促进当地旅游、经济的发展。在文旅融合背景下，如何正确地对博物馆旅游吸引力进行科学合理的评估对促进文旅消费具有重要意义。文章以常州博物馆作为研究案例，综合运用文献分析、问卷调查、文本分析、专家评价等方法，针对常州博物在观众吸引力方面存在的问题，提出有效的建议，以提升常州博物馆的吸引力，更好地推动文旅融合，为文旅背景下博物馆的研究提供一定的借鉴。
关键词：文旅融合 博物馆 吸引力 满意度
Abstract: Museum, as an important place for gathering, collecting and displaying natural and human cultural heritage, should not only to promote the development of local tourism and economy, but also to play its own cultural role. In the context of cultural tourism integration, how to correctly evaluate the attraction of museum tourism scientifically and reasonably is of great significance to promote cultural tourism consumption. Taking Changzhou Museum as a case study, this paper comprehensively uses the methods of literature analysis, questionnaire survey, text analysis and expert evaluation to put forward effective suggestions for the problems existing in the attraction of tourists in Changzhou Museum, so as to enhance the attraction of Changzhou Museum and better promote the integration of culture and tourism. It provides some reference for the research of museums under the background of culture and tourism.
Key Words: Integration of culture and tourism; museum; attractive force; satisfaction
专题博物馆展示与利用的创新探索——以南京城墙博物馆为例
The Innovations of Exhibition for Thematic Museums:
Taking Nanjing City Wall Museum as an Example
金连玉 马麟
Jin Lianyu Ma Lin
（南京城墙博物馆，南京，210001）
（Nanjing City Wall Museum, Nanjing, 210001）
内容提要：以文化遗产展示为主题的专题博物馆，承担着传播、展示文化遗产价值与内涵的职责，其建筑选址与设计、展览主题与内容、藏品储备与利用等均应围绕遗产本体展开。南京城墙博物馆以展示南京城墙文化遗产价值为基本定位，博物馆建筑以突出城墙遗址为核心，与外围景观和谐共生，与城墙本体高度融合；展览主题与内容设计围绕南京城墙遗产价值内涵与特色，以展示遗产的突出普遍价值为核心，立足博物馆自身定位，借助“透物见人”的展示思路，展现遗产背后的人及人们的生活，全面搭建南京城墙文化遗产价值与内涵展示平台，同时也提出了一种新型文化遗产专题博物馆的建设思路与研究视角。
关键词：文化遗产 专题博物馆 南京城墙 博物馆建筑 展览展示
Abstract: The city walls were the material remains of city-building activities, and the most significant features of the emergence and continuous development of ancient China. There are still a large number of city walls on the vast land of China, the longest and largest of which is the Nanjing City Wall. In this article, we focus on the design idea of architecture and the theme and content of the exhibition to present how to exhibit the Nanjing City Wall in the museum. As a comprehensive representation of city wall sites, Nanjing City Wall Museum advances the architectural implication, exhibition theme, and content. The theme of the museum closely focuses on the outstanding universal value of cultural heritage. The building of the museum focuses on the city wall site, coexists harmoniously with the peripheral landscape, and is highly integrated with the city wall itself. The content design advanced preferred the historical, cultural, and heritage value of the Nanjing city wall, carrying the exhibition idea of “showing people and their life through the site”. It not only builds a comprehensive display platform for present the cultural heritage values of Nanjing City Wall, but also creates a new research perspective of thematic museums.
Key Words: Cultural heritages; thematic museum; Nanjing City Wall; museum architecture; exhibition
生肖动物形象的解构与运用：“博物馆里过大年——大圣来也”展陈设计思路分析
Deconstruction and Application of Chinese Zodiac Animal Images: Analysis of Exhibition
Design Ideas of Spend Spring Festival at Museum: Monkey King is Here Exhibition
陈思1 薄海昆2
Chen Si1 Bo Haikun2
（1.首都博物馆，北京，100045；2.故宫博物院，北京，100009）
（1. Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045; 2. The Palace Museum, Beijing, 100009）
内容提要：本文以2016年举办的“博物馆里过大年——大圣来也”展览为例，从展陈设计角度探讨如何立足展览内容，对生肖动物形象进行创意理解和艺术运用。
关键词：博物馆展览 动物形象 解构 猴子
Abstract: The article takes the exhibition Spend Spring Festival at Museum: Monkey King is Here as an example, which is held in 2016, among the serial exhibitions Spend Spring Festival at Museum. It reviews experience in aspect of exhibition design, and discusses how designers do creative understanding and artistical application of Chinese zodiac animal images based on exhibition contents.
Key Words: Museum exhibitions; animal images; deconstruction; monkey
论博物馆借展过程中青铜类文物的点交
On the Condition Check of Bronze Cultural Relics in the Process of Museum Temporary Exhibition
陈中喜
Chen Zhongxi
（上海博物馆，上海，200030）
（Shanghai Museum, Shanghai, 200030）
内容提要：临时展览是加强文物利用的重要途径。而在临时展览借展过程中，点交是确保文物安全的关键环节之一。本文以借展过程中青铜类文物的点交为主题，着重论述其内涵及操作中的注意事项，并简要论述点交后青铜类文物包装中需注意的几个问题，以期为博物馆保管工作提供参考。
关键词：博物馆 临时展览 青铜类文物 点交 文物包装
Abstract: Temporary exhibition is an important way to strengthen the utilization of cultural relics. In the process of temporary exhibition, condition check is one of the key links to ensure the safety of cultural relics. The theme of this article is the condition check of bronze cultural relics during temporary exhibition, focusing on its connotation and precautions in operation, and briefly discusses several issues that need to be paid attention to in the packaging of bronze cultural relics after condition check, in order to provide reference for museum colleagues in their work.
Key Words: Museum; temporary exhibition; bronze cultural relics; condition check; packaging of relics
博物馆基本陈列在时代变迁中的再突破——“长沙马王堆汉墓陈列”续写永不褪色的经典
The Breakthrough of Museum Basic Exhibition in the Changing Times:
Changsha Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tombs Exhibition Continues to Write a Timeless Classic
赵墨
Zhao Mo
（《中国美术报》社，北京，100048）
（Art News of China, Beijing, 100048）