博物馆亲子教育活动的反思与改进
Reflection and Improvement on Museum's Educational Activities for Family Visitors
邓卓 刘楠 舒琛 杨梦霞 于雪梅 唐智婷
Deng Zhuo Liu Nan Shu Chen Yang Mengxia Yu Xuemei Tang Zhiting
［上海自然博物馆（上海科技馆分馆），上海，200041］
[Shanghai Natural History Museum (Branch of Shanghai Science & Technology Museum), Shanghai, 200041]
内容提要：亲子家庭是博物馆的重要参观群体，越来越多的博物馆开始为家庭观众提供教育服务。观察研究上海自然博物馆（上海科技馆分馆）的亲子教育活动“蝶翅飞舞”，发现在活动过程中亲子之间的互动非常少，与理想化的亲子教育活动相差甚远。因此，本文从活动目标的设置、内容的选择和组织几个维度出发对活动进行了反思和优化，进一步分析总结改进后活动中的家长身份认知、亲子之间的互动和活动的实施效果。最后，从如何策划亲子教育活动、博物馆如何看待与家长的关系以及如何促进博物馆中的亲子互动三个层面出发，针对博物馆实施亲子教育活动提出建议。
关键词：博物馆 亲子教育活动 亲子互动
Abstract: Family visitors are important visiting groups in museums. More and more museums begin to provide educational services for family visitors. This study observed the educational activity Butterfly Wings Flying which designed for family groups with children in Shanghai Natural History Museum (Branch of Shanghai Science & Technology Museum). We found that parent-child interactions are less, which was far from an ideal activity for family groups. The study reflects on how to design the activity objectives and how to select the appropriate contents. The study also summarizes parents' roles, parents-children talks, and what parents and children have learned from the activity. We give some suggestions on how to design family activities, how to look on the relationship between museum and parents, and how to promote parent-child interactions in museum.
Key Words: Museum; educational activities for family visitors; parent-child interaction
会员家庭对儿童博物馆教育项目的认知与评价研究
Research on Member's Cognition and Evaluation for the Education Projects of Children’s Museum
尚修芹 林隽乔 赵雅琴
Shang Xiuqin Lin Junqiao Zhao Yaqin
（中国儿童中心，北京，100035）
(China National Children's Center, Beijing, 100035)
内容提要：本研究立足于场馆艺术工作坊教育项目，采用行动研究方式进行，探讨会员家庭对它的认知与评价，以期更好地提升教育服务水平。研究首先梳理了如何设计艺术工作坊教育项目，接着在教育项目实施过程中选取12组经常来馆的家庭观众，运用录像观察和深度访谈的方法获悉他们的认知与评价，最后基于这些认知评价对场馆教育项目进行反思，并提出相应改进建议。
关键词：会员家庭 儿童博物馆教育项目 认知与评价 老牛儿童探索馆
Abstract: This research is established on the educational activities at the art workshop. In order to improve the museum's educational service, this research adopts action research method and further discusses the members' cognition and evaluation about educational activities. Firstly, the research sorts out the process of how to design an activity. In the followed implementation, we take 12 audiences and their families who came the most as the researching samples. We learn their evaluation by recording and deep interview. In the final step, the suggestions for improvement are made, referring to the feedback and self-examination.
Key Words: Membership families; Children's Museum education projects; cognition and evaluation; Children's Discovery Museum
通过亲子对话研究提升南博参观满意度
Improving Visit Satisfaction of Nanjing Museum Through Parent-child Dialogue Research
王维宇 郑晶 高梦琛
Wang Weiyu Zheng Jing Gao Mengchen
（1. 南京博物院，南京，210016；2. 中国大运河博物馆，扬州，225003）
(1. Nanjing Museum, Nanjing, 210016; 2. China Grand Canal Museum, Yangzhou, 225003)
内容提要：提升参观满意度是南京博物院（简称“南博”）的重要工作目标。亲子对话是家庭参观时的主要交流方式。亲子对话研究可就对话本身的问题，给出改进建议，提升亲子的参观体验；还能发掘亲子家庭的兴趣点，完善教育活动，进一步提升亲子家庭的满意度。本文采用学习型对话编码和卡片排序等方法，对南博历史馆内参观的30组4—6岁儿童家庭的亲子对话进行分析研究，以期提升南博的参观满意度。
关键词：分众教育 参观满意度 亲子对话 卡片排序法
Abstract: Improving visit satisfaction is an important objective of Nanjing Museum. Parent-child dialogue is the main way of communication for family visitors. Analysis of these dialogues will help the museum researchers provide useful communication supports and develop more interesting and educational activities to enhance the family visit experience. Therefore, 30 groups of parent-child dialogues with children aged 4-6 visiting the history gallery were collected and analyzed by learning-dialogue coding and card ordering, through literature searching and the research methods provided in the First Research Network of Children Visitors.
Key Words: Demassified education; visit satisfaction; parent-child dialogue; cards ordering
DIY评估在美术馆教育中的应用
——以“我心中的美术馆·小学生第一课”为例
Applying DIY Evaluation in Art Museum Education: A Case Study of GDMoA Educational Program Conceiving My Art Museum, The First Lesson For Primary Students
刘端玲 叶小青 宁妮娅
Liu Duanling Ye Xiaoqing Ning Niya
（广东美术馆，广州，510105）
(Guangdong Museum of Art, Guangzhou, 510105)
内容提要：当代博物馆强调“以人为中心”的理念，使得观众研究成为展览以及教育活动策划与实施的重要基础。因此，博物馆的实践人员也应具有评估思维和观众研究的基础能力，并将其运用到日常的工作实践中，以推动项目开展。广东美术馆参与了北京师范大学教育学部中国儿童博物馆教育研究中心的“儿童观众研究”课题，将DIY评估运用到公共教育项目“我心中的美术馆·小学生第一课”的策划及实践过程之中，形成了评估思维、评估方法与项目相融合的工作模式。
关键词：DIY评估 评估思维 观众研究 美术馆 儿童教育项目
Abstract: The concept of "people-oriented " has been emphasized by the museums, which makes the visitor study an important foundation for design and implementation of exhibitions and educational programs. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of programs, the evaluative thinking, the ability of visitor studies and the application to daily practice are essential for museum practitioners. Through the participation of the Children Audience Studies Program held by the CMRC from Faculty of Education at Beijing Normal University, Guangdong Museum of Art has been applying the evaluative thinking throughout the process of designing and practicing of the educational program Conceiving My Art Museum, The First Lesson for Primary Students, and finally brought about a working pattern that integrates evaluative thinking, methods and projects.
Key Words: DIY evaluation; evaluative thinking; visitor study; art museum; educational programs for children
科技博物馆参观前中后三阶段学习模式的优势
——基于两种学习模式及其效果的质性比较研究
Advantages of the Pre-visit, During-the-visit and Post-visit Stages Learning Model in Science Museums: A Comparative Qualitative Study Based on Two Learning Modes and Their Effects
谢娟 季娇 尚修芹
Xie Juan Ji Jiao Shang Xiuqin
（1.中国儿童中心，北京，100035；2.中南大学马克思主义学院，长沙，410083）
(1. China National Children's Center, Beijing, 100035;
2. Institute of Marxism, Central South University, Changsha, 410083)
内容提要：科技博物馆与学校教育相结合，是当前科学教育的发展趋势。为了更好地发挥科技博物馆服务学校科学教育的作用，有必要探索学生在科技博物馆中最有效的参观学习模式。本研究采用访谈法，比较了“参观前准备—参观中探究—参观后跟进”的学习模式与仅仅直接参观科技博物馆的学习模式对小学五年级学生的影响。研究发现，两种博物馆学习模式均能有效促进小学生在积极情感态度、探究行为和浅层认知方面的提升。相比较而言，参观前中后三阶段学习模式对学生深层理解展品原理和形成新的科学概念则有更加明显的促进作用。
关键词：科技博物馆 学习模式 参观前中后三阶段 准备活动 跟进活动
Abstract: Integrating science museums in the formal school education system has been valued by current education field. In order to fulfill the educational mission of science museums, it is necessary to explore effective learning modes for students. Accordingly, this study adopted interview as a research method, with a purpose to compare the effectiveness of "Pre-visit activities —Visiting— Post-visit activities " mode (PVP) and only visiting mode (V) on fifth grade students' learning outcomes. The results showed that: (1) PVP and V can effectively promote elementary students in positive emotional attitude, exploring behavior and shallow cognition improvement; (2) PVP has a more significant role in promoting students' deep understanding of the exhibits and the formation of new scientific concepts.
Key Words: Science museum; learning model; pre-visit, during-the-visit and post-visit stages; pre-visit activities; post-visit activities
我国博物馆教育游戏研究综述
Literature Review on Museum Educational Games in China
黄婷婷
Huang Tingting
（复旦大学文物与博物馆学系，上海，200433）
(Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433)
内容提要：将教育游戏引入博物馆，博物馆教育游戏应运而生。我国对博物馆教育游戏的关注始于21世纪初，为把握研究脉络，需对现有研究成果展开综述。本文将“博物馆教育游戏”界定为由博物馆主导开展的具备教育目标的游戏活动。通过文献筛查选定42篇主题文献，从纵向维度归纳其研究阶段及其特征，横向维度上总结研究内容及其观点，分别得出三个阶段的研究历程和四个方面的研究认识。基于文献爬梳，归纳当前博物馆教育游戏研究存在经验主义显著的同质化、欠缺博物馆学学科的专业化分析、研究立场片面等问题。启示未来研究在总体上应当把握主体，深入揭示博物馆教育游戏的本质问题，并且在博物馆学的专业视角下，对教育媒介、教育受众、教育效果等方面深入探究。
关键词：博物馆 教育游戏 文献综述 研究历程 研究认识
Abstract: Introducing educational games into museums, museum educational games came into being. China’s attention to museum educational games began in the early 21st century. In order to grasp the research context, it is necessary to summarize the current research progress. This paper defines museum educational game as a gaming activity with educational goals led by museums. Through literature screening, 42 thematic literatures were selected to summarize their research stages and characteristics from the vertical dimension, and the research content and viewpoints from the horizontal dimension. The research process of three stages and the research understanding of four aspects were obtained respectively. Based on the literature review, this paper concludes that there are some problems in the research of museum educational games, such as the obvious homogeneity of empiricism, the lack of professional analysis of museology, and the one-sided research position. Research in the future should grasp the subject, deeply reveal the essence of museum educational games, and further explore the educational media, audiences, effects and other aspects from the professional perspective of museology.
Key Words: Museum; educational games; literature review; research process; research understanding
浅议博物馆儿童争议性主题展览
Brief Discussion on Children's Controversial Theme Exhibitions in Museums
远 真
Yuan Zhen
（复旦大学文物与博物馆学系，上海，200433）
(Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433)
内容提要：博物馆在甄选儿童展览主题时会审慎地回避争议性话题，但作为被公众委以儿童社会教育重任的博物馆机构，有必要涉及这类棘手的问题，为儿童创造接触不同民族文化和复杂社会问题的机会。而在叙述过程中，博物馆需要制定与拆解展览目标、选择和转化内容、传递与激发情感，缓冲争议性问题对儿童造成的冲击，使儿童在此过程中学会理性思考，未来做出正确的道德判断。
关键词：博物馆儿童教育 博物馆展览 争议性主题
Abstract: Museums carefully steer clear of controversial topics in choosing subjects for children’s exhibition, but as a institution entrusted by the public with the important task of children’s social education, it is necessary to address such difficult issues, to create opportunities for children to be exposed to different national cultures and complex social problems. In the narrative process, the museum needs to formulate and dismantle the exhibition objectives, select and transform the content, convey and stimulate emotions, buffer the impact of controversial issues on children, enable children to learn rational thinking in this process, and make the right moral judgment in the future.
Key Words: Children’s education in museums; museum exhibitions; controversial themes
博物馆基金会的概念、现状与发展趋势
The Concept, Present Situation and Development Trend of Museum Foundation
张斌盛 徐湮 韩海丽 王小明
Zhang Binsheng Xu Yan Han Haili Wang Xiaoming
（上海科技馆，上海，200127）
(Shanghai Science & Technology Museum, Shanghai, 200127)
内容提要：通过对博物馆基金会的概念、主要特征、发展现状的研究，分析博物馆基金会在与博物馆合作过程中的运行机理，指出博物馆基金会尽管面临诸多困境，但可以为博物馆创新运作机制、整合社会资源和拓展服务时空界限提供支撑。并进一步认为政府、博物馆和基金会在“事社分离”的原则下，应通过明晰捐赠资金使用、完善内控制度、设立专项基金等方式强化合作。博物馆基金会未来必将迎来新一轮发展的高峰期。
关键词：博物馆基金会 博物馆 基金会 发展趋势
Abstract: Through the research of the concept, main features and development status of the museum foundation, analyzing the operation system of cooperation process between the foundation and the museum. It is pointed out that although the museum foundation faces many difficulties, it can support the museum’s innovative operation mechanism, integrate social resources and expand the space-time boundaries of service. And as long as the government, museums and foundations through clear use of donated funds, improve internal control, the establishment of special funds and other ways to strengthen cooperation, the museum foundation will usher in a new round of development peak.
Key Words: Museum foundation; museum; foundation; development trend
论博物馆品牌保护
Study on Museum Brand Protection
刘松林
Liu Songlin
（故宫博物院，北京，100009）
(The Palace Museum, Beijing, 100009)
内容提要：博物馆品牌由博物馆品牌标识和品牌名称等元素构成。注册商标的维权在博物馆品牌保护过程中具有重要意义。博物馆品牌保护可通过建立专门机构、人才队伍建设、制度建设、风险管控等措施实现。
关键词：博物馆品牌 品牌标识 品牌名称 注册商标 品牌保护
Abstract: The museum brand is composed of the museum brand logo, the brand name and other elements. Safeguarding the rights of registered trademarks holds great significance to the museum brand protection which can be achieved through the establishment of specialized institutions, talent team construction, institutional improvement, risk control and adoption of other measures.
Key Words: Museum brand; brand logo; brand name; registered trademark; brand protection
徐州西汉楚王墓出土铜封泥匣及其功能
Bronze-sealed Mud Boxes Unearthed from the Tombs of Chu Kings of Western Han Dynasty in Xuzhou and Their Function
周 波
Zhou Bo
（狮子山楚王陵汉兵马俑博物馆，徐州，221004）
(Xuzhou Lion Rock Chu King’s Mausoleum and Han Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum, Xuzhou, 221004)
内容提要：徐州狮子山汉墓与北洞山汉墓是西汉早期两代楚王陵墓，两墓均出土一种被称为“方形饰”的铜器。经考证，这种器形为封泥匣。与常见木质封泥匣不同，铜封泥匣出土数量少、质量高，应为皇室与众臣往来专用。楚王陵墓发现有铜封泥匣，很可能与朝廷的赙赠内容有关。
关键词：狮子山 北洞山 印章 封泥 铜封泥匣
Abstract: The tombs of the Han Dynasty in Shizishan, and the tombs of the Han Dynasty in Beidongshan, Xuzhou, north China, are tombs of the Chu Kings of the early Western Han Dynasty. By textual research, this type of utensil is sealed mud box. Different from the common wooden mud boxes, the bronze mud boxes are of low quantity and high quality and should be used exclusively by the royal family to communicate with the ministers. Bronze mud boxes were also found in the tombs of Chu, probably related to the content of the imperial court’s donation.
Key Words: Shizishan; Beidongshan; seal; seal mud; bronze-sealed mud boxes
扬州新见唐代邢良墓志研究
Research on the Epitaph of Xing Liang in Tang Dynasty in Yangzhou
魏旭 刘刚 秦宗林
Wei Xu Liu Gang Qin Zonglin
（扬州市文物考古研究所，扬州，225002）
(Yangzhou Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Yangzhou, 225002)
内容提要：扬州新出土唐代邢良墓志中关于墓主殁亡地点及葬地的记载，为唐代扬州坊市制的研究提供了新的材料。通过分析可知，志文所涉及的骨氏为天竺人，属扬州地区出土文献中所首见，为研究天竺人在华、唐代扬州海外交往及人群构成提供了重要的线索。
关键词：唐代 邢良墓志 扬州 市 天竺
Abstract: The records of the death location and the burial place in the epitaph of Xing Liang of Tang Dynasty, unearthed in Yangzhou, provide new materials for the study of the square-market city of Yangzhou in Tang Dynasty. It can be seen from the analysis, Mrs. Gu who is involved is from India, which is the first found in the unearthed documents in Yangzhou, and provide important clues for studying the India people in China and population composition and overseas exchanges of Yangzhou in Tang Dynasty.
Key Words: Tang Dynasty; the epitaph of Xing Liang; Yangzhou; market; India
南京大报恩寺北宋地宫出土舍利供奉与源流考析
Study on Worship and Origin of Sarira Excavated from the Underground Palace of the Northern Song Dynasty in Da Bao’ en Temple, Nanjing
阚颖浩1 王乐乐2 周保华3 马清林1
Kan Yinghao1 Wang Lele2 Zhou Baohua3 Ma Qinglin1
（1. 山东大学文化遗产研究院，青岛，266237；2. 中国文化遗产研究院，北京，100029；
3. 南京市考古研究院，南京，210000）
(1. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237; 2. Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, Beijing, 100029; 3. Nanjing Research Institute of Archaeology, Nanjing, 210000)
内容提要：南京大报恩寺北宋地宫出土有各类质地珍贵佛教文物，其中舍利22份，包括佛顶真骨舍利1份、感应舍利1份和诸圣舍利20份，主要为宋初来华的僧人施护所献。除此之外，历史上大报恩寺还曾供奉高僧刘萨诃瘗藏的舍利以及玄奘大师顶骨舍利。科技分析结果表明，大报恩寺遗址舍利材质主要包括石英、玻璃、文石、片状砗磲或珍珠、琥珀，瘗藏舍利的容器主要为玻璃器，容器组合关系复杂，表现了北宋时期佛教的世俗化和参与舍利瘗藏阶层的多样化，为探索舍利供养的历史作用和意义提供了新证据。
关键词：南京大报恩寺 舍利 舍利容器 舍利供养
Abstract: All kinds of Buddhist cultural relics were excavated at Northern Song Dynasty Underground Palace of the Da Bao’ en Temple in Nanjing. Twenty-two sarira were sorted out, including one Buddha’s parietal bone sarira, one eminent sarira and twenty eminent monk sarira, which are mainly from monk Shihu who visited China in the early Song Dynasty. The Da Bao’ en Temple also enshrined and worshiped the sarira of Liu Sahe and Xuanzang Buddha in history. The scientific and technological analysis indicates that the materials of these sarira mainly include quartze, glass, aragonite, Tridacna, pearl and amber. Containers that preserved sarira are mainly glass. The relationship of container combination is complex, which shows the secularization of Buddhism in the Northern Song Dynasty and the diversification of the strata involved in relic burial. This discovery provides new evidence for exploring the historical role and significance of sarira worship.
Key Words: The Da Bao’ en Temple in Nanjing; sarira; sarira container; enshrine and worship
中国国家博物馆导览系统观众需求分析
Analysis of Audience Demand for the National Museum of China Guidance System
赵菁 赵靓
Zhao Jing Zhao Liang
（中国国家博物馆，北京，100006）
(National Museum of China, Beijing, 100006)
内容提要：博物馆拥抱科技升级，新兴技术进入博物馆领域改变了博物馆与公众链接的方式，移动信息技术与产业发展为公共文化事业创新发展提供了实践路径。诸多新技术应用于导览，使导览成为博物馆借助新技术增强观众参观体验的极佳案例。如今博物馆的导览系统正在实现两个转变：从单向传输型导览向双向互动型导览转变，从内容型导览向参观规划型导览转变。本文以中国国家博物馆导览系统观众需求为研究对象，采用观众调查问卷的方法，对观众在场馆内使用导览系统的需求进行分析并对导览系统升级给出建议。
关键词：博物馆导览系统 新技术 观众需求
Abstract: Museums are undergoing a technological upgrade, the arrival of new technologies in the museum space has changed the way museums connect with the public. The development of mobile information technology and industry provides a practical path for the innovative development of public cultural undertakings. Many new technologies have been applied to museum guidance system, making the museum guidance system the best example of museums using new technologies to enhance the visitor experience. More and more museums today are undergoing two shifts in their guidance systems: from one-way communication guide to two-way interactive communication guide, from content-based guide to visit planning-based guide. This article takes the audience needs of the National Museum of China guidance system as the research object, and uses the method of audience survey questionnaires to analyze the audience’s needs for the use of the guidance system in the venue and give suggestions for improving the service of the guidance system.
Key Words: Museum guidance system; new technology; audience needs
新时代博物馆数字传播的实践与思考
——以河南博物院为例
Practice and Thinking of Museum Digital Communication in the New Era:
Taking Henan Museum as an Example
张得水 贺传凯
Zhang Deshui He Chuankai
（河南博物院，郑州，450002）
(Henan Museum, Zhengzhou, 450002)
内容提要：新媒体技术拓展了博物馆的数字传播渠道，博物馆传播日益从平面化走向立体化，从单一化走向多元化。本文立足河南博物院的数字传播实践，探索融媒体时代数字传播的重要意义，并从重视用户体验、打造精品内容、讲究传播策略、监控引导舆情、抓好意识形态工作方面分析博 物馆数字传播中需注意的问题，从而推动博物馆利用数字传播提升社会影响力、弘扬民族文化、培育文化自信、提升文化软实力。
关键词：博物馆信息 数字传播 融媒体 河南博物院
Abstract: New media technology has expanded the digital communication channels of museums, and museum communication has increasingly shifted from planarization to three-dimensional, and from simplification to diversification. Based on the digital communication practice of Henan Museum, this paper explores the significance of digital communication in the era of media convergence, and analyzes the problems that need to be paid attention to in museum digital communication from the aspects of focusing on user experience, creating high-quality content, paying attention to communication strategies, monitoring and guiding public opinion, and ideological work. So as to promote museums use digital communication to enhance social influence, promote national culture, cultivate cultural self-confidence, and enhance cultural soft power.
Key Words: Museum information; digital communication; media convergence; Henan Museum
博物馆藏品整体搬迁工作的思考
——以湖南省博物馆为例
Reflections on the Overall Relocation of Museum Collections:
Taking Hunan Museum as an Example
廖 丹
Liao Dan
（湖南省博物馆，长沙，410003）
(Hunan Museum, Changsha, 410003)
内容提要：当前，我国博物馆场馆建设蓬勃发展，为配合其中的库房基建工程，大多数博物馆需要将长期存放于库房内的藏品，在短期内安全、迅速地转移并存放，涉及所有藏品的包装运输、存放安全，藏品数据信息的使用和保存，人员的整合调配以及设备设施配备等诸多方面，堪为藏品整体搬迁工程。本文试从藏品大型搬迁工作的前期准备、中期操作及后期存放、管理、回迁等几个方面，来探讨其中所需要解决和思考的问题，期望能对博物馆藏品整体搬迁工作起到一定的借鉴作用。
关键词：藏品搬迁 准备 操作 管理 回迁
Abstract: With the development of contemporary museums and museum storerooms, cultural relics stored in museum storeroom for a long time need to be moved or stored in a short time. The article attempts to discuss the problems that need to be solved and considered in the similar work from the aspects of the early preparation, the middle operation and the late storage and return management of the relocation of the cultural relics in the storeroom.
Key Words: Collection relocation; preparation; operation; management; return
老字号企业博物馆发展困境及应对策略
——以京津冀地区为例
The Development Dilemma and Its Countermeasures of Time-honored Enterprise Museums:
Taking Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region as an Example
刘韵婕
Liu Yunjie
（中国财税博物馆，杭州，310002）
(China Finance & Taxation Museum, Hangzhou, 310002)
内容提要：老字号企业博物馆致力于收藏、研究和展示老字号企业发展的相关物品，传播行业知识，传承文化遗产。京津冀地区是老字号企业博物馆分布最为集中的区域之一，博物馆的选址、展览内容和形式反映出这类博物馆的共同特点，管理、宣传、服务上的缺陷则暴露出普遍面临的问题。打破当前的困境既需要学习发展经验，更需要立足实际，利用社会资源，发挥自身优势。
关键词：企业博物馆 老字号 京津冀 文化遗产
Abstract: The museum of time-honored enterprise is dedicated to acquiring, researching and exhibiting objects related to the development of enterprises, disseminating professional knowledge, inheriting and promoting cultural heritage. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is one of the most concentrated areas of the time- honored enterprise museums, the location, exhibition content and form of the museums reflect the common characteristics of such museums, while the defects in management, publicity and service expose the common problems. To break the current predicament, we need not only to learn from experience, but also to base ourselves on reality, make use of social resources and give full play to our own advantages.
Key Words: Enterprise museum; time-honored enterprise; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region; cultural heritage
彩漆描金云蝠纹管鬃毫抓笔匣的保护修复研究
The Conservation and Restoration Study on the Package of Brushes Painted with Gilded Cloud and Bat Pattern
张晶晶
Zhang Jingjing
（故宫博物院，北京，100009）
(The Palace Museum, Beijing, 100009)
内容提要：文章以彩漆描金云蝠纹管鬃毫抓笔匣的保护修复为例，阐述了如何科学地保护修复一件旧藏锦匣，总结了锦匣类文物的保护修复方法，提出了操作过程中应注意的事项。笔匣的修复分为除尘与修复补缺两个步骤，遵循现代文物保护修复理念，修复前先对笔匣进行伤况分析与科技检测，修复时采用专业设备及方法。最后对保存此类文物相对湿度及温度的范畴提出建议。
关键词：笔匣 科技检测 除尘 保护修复
Abstract: This article focuses on the steps of dust removal and filling up components during the process of conserving package of brushes painted with gilded cloud and bat pattern. Given the result of a comprehensive scientific analysis and technological detection before conservation, traditional treatment and equipment are adopted in accordance with the conservation rules of cultural heritage. During conservation, innovative application of the equipment and tools are used and precaution measures are suggested in the summary of conserving methods to these kinds of packages. In the end, conservator suggests the range of relative humidity and temperature for preserving these kinds of packages and expects to provide reference to the conservation study on paper-made brocade package.
Key Words: Package of brushes; scientific analysis and technological detection; dust removal; conservation and restoration