“立足中国考古事业，推动中华文明传播”主题座谈
Based on the Cause of Chinese Archaeology, Promoting the Spread of Chinese Civilization
考古工作是一项重要文化事业，是展示和构建中华民族历史、中华文明瑰宝的重要工作。经过几代考古人接续奋斗，考古工作取得重大成就，延伸了历史轴线，增强了历史信度，丰富了历史内涵，活化了历史场景。
9月28日下午，中共中央政治局就我国考古最新发现及其意义为题举行第二十三次集体学习。习近平总书记在主持学习时强调，要高度重视考古工作，努力建设中国特色、中国风格、中国气派的考古学，更好认识源远流长、博大精深的中华文明，为弘扬中华优秀传统文化、增强文化自信提供坚强支撑。借此机会，本刊参与组织了“立足中国考古事业，推动中华文明传播”主题座谈，以期助力博物馆对考古成果的转化、利用。
1925年文渊阁隶属机构变更考
The Research on the Change of Parent Agency of Wen Yuan Ge in 1925
宁 霄1 李 琮2
Ning Xiao1 Li Cong2
（1.故宫博物院，北京，100009；2.中国国家博物馆，北京，100006）
(1. The Palace Museum, Beijing, 100009; 2. The National Museum of China, Beijing, 100006)
内容提要：民国年间，紫禁城外朝曾有一座建筑随时局的更迭完成了隶属权的更替，它就是文渊阁。民国初年，与大多数外朝建筑隶属于古物陈列所不同，文渊阁仍旧隶属于清室。1925年故宫博物院成立前夕，文渊阁被清室善后委员会划至故宫博物院区域，完成了隶属机构的变更，并在之后正式成为故宫博物院的展室。这不仅是民国年间中国博物馆界的一件大事，亦是当时政治局势对博物馆产生影响的一个缩影。本文在梳理相关文献及影像的基础上，从民国初年尤其是1925年紫禁城局势变化的时代背景出发，研究文渊阁从隶属清室向隶属故宫博物院的转变，并揭示其背后所反映的博物馆同民国政局的关系。
关键词：分隔墙 故宫博物院 古物陈列所 《四库全书》 文渊阁
Abstract: During the period of the Republic of China, a building located in the outer court of Forbidden City changed its parent agency with the change of situation, whose name is Wen Yuan Ge. Wen Yuan Ge was once still belonged to the Qing Court at the beginning of Republic of China, which was different from those other buildings in outer court whom belonged to the Gallery of Ancient Relics. Before the Palace Museum was founded in 1925, Wen Yuan Ge was assigned to the area of the Palace Museum by the Rehabilitation Committee of Qing, which completed the change of subordination, and later officially became the exhibition hall of the Palace Museum. This is not only a great event in the museum circle of China during the period of the Republic of China, but also a miniature of the influence of the political situation on the museum in that period. Based on relevant documents and images, this issue will focus on the change of parent agency of Wen Yuan Ge from the Qing Court to the Palace Museum in the early years of the Republic of China, especially in 1925, under the background of the changes in the Forbidden City. Moreover, the relationship between the museum and political situation of the Republic of China will also be discussed in this issue.
Key Words: Boundary wall; the Palace Museum; the Gallery of Ancient Relics (Guwu Chenliesuo); Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature (Si Ku Quan Shu); Pavilion of the Imperial Library (Wen Yuan Ge)
20世纪20年代河南博物馆筹建史料补遗
Addendum to Historical Data on the Preparation for Henan Museum in the 1920s
牛爱红
Niu Aihong
（河南博物院，郑州，450002）
（Henan Museum, Zhengzhou, 450002）
内容提要：河南博物院前身河南博物馆，1927年7月在开封创办，是河南最早成立的博物馆，至今已有近百年的历史，其筹备创办之初的艰辛历程，今人已多不知晓。本文通过相关史料将20世纪20年代河南博物馆的筹备始末进行爬梳，试图钩沉史实，以铭记老一辈文博人筚路蓝缕的开山之功。
关键词：河南博物馆 刘煜溎 河南省民族博物院
Abstract: The predecessor of Henan Museum was founded in Kaifeng, in July 1927. It is the earliest established museum in Henan with more than one hundred years of history. The arduous journey at the beginning of its preparation is little known to the public nowadays. This article uses relevant historical data to comb through the entire process of the preparations of the Henan Museum in the 1920s in an attempt to resurface the long-forgotten historical facts and to remember the pioneering work spearheaded by the older generation of museum staff.
Key Words: Henan Museum; Liu Yugui; Henan Museum of Ethnicity
民国高校博物馆探要
Research of University Museums in the Republic of China (1912-1949)
史 勇
Shi Yong
（甘肃省文物局，兰州，730030）
（Gansu Culture Relics Bureau, Lanzhou, 730030）
内容提要：民国高校博物馆源于教学和研究需要，包括教会大学博物馆、公立大学博物馆和私立大学博物馆，涵盖综合类、历史类和自然科学类等主要博物馆类型，在馆藏资源、学术研究、社会教育等领域各具优势和特色，是近代中国博物馆体系的重要组成部分。总结分析民国高校博物馆主要特点，对于当代中国高校博物馆建设发展亦具借鉴意义。
关键词：民国 高校博物馆 博物馆史
Abstract: University museums in the Republic of China (1912-1949) were born to serve teaching and research, including church university museums, public university museums and private university museums. They cover major museum types such as comprehensive, historical and natural science. They have their own advantages and characteristics in the fields of collection resources, academic research and social education, and are an important part of the museum system in the Modern China. By summarizing and analyzing the main characteristics of the university museums in the Republic of China, it is also of reference significance for the construction and development of university museums in contemporary China.
Key Words: Republic of China; universities museums; historical research
新时代博物馆高质量发展的新思维——以山西博物院为例
Improved Think Pattern of Museum Development in the New Era:
Taking Shanxi Museun as an Example
杨 敬
Yang Jing
（山西博物院，太原，030024）
（Shanxi Museum, Taiyuan, 030024）
内容提要：博物馆是集收藏、保护、研究、展示、教育为一体的公共文化服务机构，是传承优秀文化的重要场所。在新时代高速发展的背景下，博物馆正在转换新思维，努力提高博物馆自身的功能定位，更好地为社会、公众服务；积极应用新技术和融媒体，提升观众参观的积极性、互动性；充分利用博物馆的资源优势，全面发挥博物馆的文化、教育功能，以期在新的时代实现博物馆的高质量发展。近年来山西博物院在发展定位、新技术应用（文物知识图谱研究）、破圈层文化传播等方面进行了一些尝试，旨在转换博物馆发展的新思维，探索新时代下博物馆的高质量发展之路。
关键词：新时代 博物馆 高质量 发展
Abstract: The museum is a public cultural service organization integrating collection, research, display and education, and an important place for inheriting excellent culture. In the context of rapid development in the new era, museums are changing their think pattern, striving to improve their own functional positioning, and better serve the society and the public; actively apply new technologies and integrated media to enhance the enthusiasm and interaction of visitors; utilize the resource advantages of the museum to give full play to the cultural, educational, and entertainment functions of the museum in order to achieve high-quality development of the museum in the new era. In recent years, Shanxi Museum has made some attempts in development positioning, new technology application (research on cultural relics knowledge graphs), and cultural dissemination, aiming to change the think pattern of museum development and explore the path of high-quality development of museums in the new era.
Key Words: New era; museum; high-quality; development
博物馆“研学旅行”定义及其理解
The Definition and Understanding of Museum “Field Trip”
周婧景 郭川慧
Zhou Jingjing Guo Chuanhui
（复旦大学文物与博物馆学系，上海，200433）
(Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433)
内容提要：在“研学旅行”概念正式提出前，我国已经出现过游学、研学旅游等类似概念。但有关该词的明确定义，我国学术界一直莫衷一是，各执一词，主要存在广义与狭义之分。直至2014年，随着研学旅行的官方定义被界定，该词的基本内涵终于得以明确。当前最为权威的定义是出自2016年《教育部等11部门关于推进中小学生研学旅行的意见》。通过梳理研学旅行定义演变过程，归纳出定义涵盖的五方面要素，并提出博物馆研学旅行主要包含两大系统：一是来自博物馆的旧有系统；一是来自教育部门和旅游部门（主要来自教育部门）的全新系统。明确博物馆研学旅行的概念及其内涵，厘清新旧两类系统，探讨发挥旧有系统的经验优势，以促使两类系统的良性共生，有利于解决研学旅行中“游而不学”现象。
关键词：研学旅行 博物馆研究旅行 新旧系统
Abstract: Before the concept of “field trip” was formally proposed, similar concepts such as study tours and study travels have appeared in China. However, regarding the clear definition of the term, the academic circles in China have always been inconsistent with each other. It is mainly divided into narrow and broad definitions. Until 2014, with the official definition of “field trip” defined, the basic connotation of the term was finally clarified. The most authoritative definition currently comes from the Opinions of 11 Departments including the Ministry of Education on Promoting the Field Trips to Primary and Secondary Schools in 2016. By clarifying the evolution of the definition of “field trip”, the definition is summed up into five elements. “Museum field trip”, mainly includes two major systems: one is the old system from the museum. Another is a brand new system from the education sector and the tourism sector (mainly from the education sector). To solve the unrealistic phenomenon of “travel without learning”, the concept and connotation of museum field trip should be defined clearly, to make a distinguish between the old system and the new one, moreover, to explore how to make use of the experience advantages of the old system so as to promote the benign symbiosis of the two systems.
Key Words: Field trip; museum research trip; old and new systems
博物馆授权语境下IP与品牌关系分析
Analysis of IP and Brand Relationship in the Context of Museum Authorization
王亚军
Wang Yajun
（山西地质博物馆，太原，030024）
（Shanxi Museum of Geology, Taiyuan, 030024）
内容提要：授权是博物馆文化创意产品开发过程中的一个重要环节，在国家政策和博物馆内生动力的双重驱动下，博物馆文化创意产品开发方兴未艾。博物馆IP与品牌作为授权的重要内容，它们之间有区别，也有联系，厘清这二者的关系，对博物馆授权的健康发展尤为重要。通过比较分析，博物馆授权应该授有权之权。
关键词：博物馆 授权 IP 品牌
Abstract: Authorization is an important link in the development of cultural creative products of museums. Driven by national policies and internal impetus of museums, the development of cultural creative products of museums is in the ascendant. As an important part of authorization, museum IP and brand are different from each other, though with some relations. To clarify the relationship between them is particularly important for the healthy development of museum authorization. Through comparative analysis, this paper argues that museum authorization should grant rights of museum’s own.
Key Words: Museum; authorization; IP; brand
美国博物馆藏品体系建构研究——以大都会艺术博物馆中国书画收藏为例
The Formation of Collection in U.S. Museums: A Case Study of Chinese Painting and Calligraphy Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
鲁旸堃
Lu Yangkun
（芝加哥大学，芝加哥，60637）
（The University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637）
内容提要：藏品是博物馆的立馆之本，建立和完善藏品体系不仅是博物馆的重要工作，更是博物馆发展的重要基础。回顾美国博物馆中国书画的收藏历史，笔者发现大都会艺术博物馆在以收藏中国书画而闻名的博物馆中异军突起，在短期内建立了较为完善的中国书画藏品体系，为研究美国博物馆藏品体系建构工作提供了有益范本。本文从大都会艺术博物馆的收藏政策、购藏途径、工作体系三个方面对藏品体系建构工作展开叙述，并对如何借鉴大都会艺术博物馆中国书画收藏经验做出简要分析。
关键词：美国博物馆 藏品构建 中国书画 大都会艺术博物馆
Abstract: Collections are the foundation of museums. Build and expand collections play an essential role in every museum’s working task. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met) forms the most compressive Chinese painting and calligraphy collections in the United States with a short period and provides a valuable model to examine the formation of a museum collection system. This essay begins to introduce the history of Chinese painting and calligraphy collections at the Met and then goes on to examine the formation of its collection from the museum’s collection policies, collection methods, as well as working systems. Finally, this essay concludes with a brief discussion of how museums in China could use experience from the Met to build their collection systems.
Key Words: U.S. museums; collections; Chinese painting and calligraphy; Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met)
完善我国非国有博物馆准入制度的几点思考
——以国际实践经验为启示
Thoughts on Improving the Registration System of Non-State Owned Museums:
Inspired by International Practices
李无言
Li Wuyan
（上海科技馆，上海，200127）
（Shanghai Science & Technology Museum, Shanghai, 200127）
内容提要：非国有博物馆的合法性由准入制度赋予。我国虽已初步构建起准入制度，却存在大量不具有合法身份的非国有博物馆与不符合规范化要求的“合法”博物馆。这种实践困境来源于以政府行政许可作为唯一准入标准，且重准入、轻监管的准入制度的内在矛盾。结合各国实践案例与实施效果，本文认为我国可尝试以治理理论中多元主体、合作共治的核心理念为路径，探索我国非国有博物馆准入制度的改进之策。
关键词：非国有博物馆 准入制度 治理理论 国际实践
Abstract: The legitimacy of non-state owned museums is endowed by registration system. Such system is already operating in China, but results in a bunch of illegal museums and legal ones which can’t meet the standard as a “museum”. This predicament is caused by the inherent contradictions of the concept which regards government’s administrative licensing as the only way to endow legitimacy and the regulation mode which emphasizes the registration when museums are set up over the supervision during operation period. After reviewing practices and implementing effect in other countries, we can explore how to improve registration system of non-state owned museums by applying the multi-subjects and co-governance from governance theory as core concepts and using foreign experience as reference.
Key Words: Non-state owned museums; registration system; governance theory; international practices
博物馆文化传播的探索与实践——以“约读•考古人”为例
Exploration and Practice of Museum’s Communication:
Taking Reading Invitation & Archaeologists as an Example
李 平
Li Ping
（山西博物院，太原，030024）
（Shanxi Museum, Taiyuan, 030024）
内容提要：“约读•考古人”是山西博物院策划的公众文化服务项目，利用新媒体传播技术，邀请相关的考古专家，就基本陈列中的地域历史发展脉络和考古发掘品组合特色，向公众解读文物背后所蕴藏的系统价值信息，以及考古人田野考察的心路历程与文化情怀，进而探索当代博物馆文化传播与服务的价值与意义。约读项目获得了公众的关注和肯定，并入选了2020年“中华文物全媒体传播精品”。
关键词：博物馆 考古信息 约读 传播
Abstract: “Reading Invitation” is a public project of cultural service designed by Shanxi Museum. By using new media of communication techniques and based on the primary exhibition of The Soul of the Jin which combines the introduction of historical development and specific archaeological findings in Shanxi Province, the project has invited archaeologists concerned to explain to the public about systematic information behind cultural relics, psychological journey and cultural feelings of field archaeologists, and to explore the value and significance of current museum’s communication and service. The project was welcomed and confirmed by the public, and selected as Masterpiece of Total Media Communication of Chinese Cultural Relics, at the Day of Cultural and Natural Heritage in 2020.
Key Words: Museum; archaeological information; reading invitation; communication
博物馆传统文化艺术资源与游戏的跨界——从《绘真•妙笔千山》手游说起
The Cross-border of Traditional Culture and Art Resources of Museum and Games
from the Mobile Game of Ink, Mountains and Mystery
刘康琳
Liu Kanglin
（上海大学上海美术学院，上海，200044）
（Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts, Shanghai, 200044）
内容提要：以故宫博物院馆藏《千里江山图》为蓝本创作的《绘真•妙笔千山》游戏的背后，实际上是中国传统文化艺术在当代语境中传播、传承的问题，是博物馆文化资源创造性转化的问题，也是艺术资源保护性再生的问题。该游戏通过对原画的还原深化了中国传统绘画“可观、可居、可游”之特色。文章结合具体游戏环节分析了其中游戏化设计和中国文化元素运用，通过调研，指出其在推广中带动了文化传播，但其游戏设计之不足也为今后博物馆文创游戏开发提供借鉴。
关键词：《绘真•妙笔千山》 《千里江山图》 博物馆文创游戏 传统文化艺术资源转化
Abstract: Behind the game of Ink, Mountains and Mystery, which is based on the painting Thousands Miles of Mountains and Rivers collected by the Palace Museum, is actually the phenomenon of the spread and inheritance of Chinese traditional culture and art in the contemporary context. It is also a phenomenon of creative transformation of cultural resources in museums, and the phenomenon of the protective regeneration of artistic resources. By restoring the original paintings, the game deepens the characteristics of traditional Chinese paintings that are “appreciable, habitable, and travelable”. Furthermore, the article analyzes the gamification design and the application of Chinese cultural elements in combination with details of game chapter. Through the investigation of game downloads and player feedback, it points out that its game promotion has promoted cultural spread. However, the flaw of the game design provides a reference for the future development of museum cultural and creative games.
Key Words: Ink, Mountains and Mystery; Thousands Miles of Mountains and Rivers; museum cultural and creative games; transformation of traditional culture and art resources
博物馆廉政风险防控机制的建立与思考
——以中国国家博物馆实践为例
Establishment and Consideration of the Independent Risk Control Mechanism in Museums:
A Case Study of National Museum of China
吴林珂
Wu Linke
（中国国家博物馆，北京，100006）
（National Museum of China, Beijing, 100006）
内容提要：随着博物馆在现代社会生活中的积极渗透，各种风险也接踵而至。有别于传统意义上的防火、防盗、防止文物损毁等安全领域上的风险，廉政风险正逐渐成为阻碍博物馆管理体系良性发展的显著因素。建立博物馆廉政风险防控长效机制，形成有效防控廉政风险的“制度链条”，规范博物馆人、财、物、事等权力运行，对于发展文博事业、弘扬社会主义核心价值观和中华优秀传统文化具有深远意义。中国国家博物馆抓住“教育—制度—监督”三个关键环节，形成环环相扣的廉政风险防控长效机制，为博物馆建立廉政风险防控长效机制提供了一般路径参考。
关键词：博物馆 廉政风险 风险防控 机制建立
Abstract: With the museums having permeated into the bits and pieces of modern society, a variety of risks have followed. Different from the risks in the security field in the traditional sense, such as fire prevention, guard against theft, and prevention cultural relics from being damaged, the risk relating to the possibility of the corruption is gradually becoming a significant factor that hinders the benign development of the museum management system. Establishing a long-term mechanism for the prevention and control of the independent risk in museums, it could form an “institutional chain” to effectively prevent and control the risk, and standardize the operation of the powers of people, finances, affairs and so on in museums. It is of far-reaching significance for the development of cultural and the promotion of core socialist values and Chinese excellent traditional culture. National Museum of China grasping the three key links of “Education-Institution-Supervision” to form a long-term mechanism for the prevention and control of the independent risk, which provides a general path for it.
Key Words: Museums; independent risk; risk control; mechanism establishment