从权杖头到鸠杖头
——“杖”象征意义的演变
From the Scepter to the Bird Scepter: Evolution of the Symbolic Meaning of the "Rod"
夏才艺
Xia Caiyi
（上海大学文学院，上海，200444）
（School of Literature Arts, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444）
内容提要：“杖”所代表的权力意味，自原始社会经周至汉，有一个发展成熟到式微的趋势。在这一过程中，授杖的要求逐渐降低，杖所代表的尊老养老意义愈发明显，并最终成为杖在中国传统社会的典型意义，其转变的时间节点大致在战国至西汉时期。但从总体来看，“杖”由最初的扶持之意上升到军事、政治权力的象征再回到敬老、养老的初衷，又体现了其本意的回归。
关键词：权杖（头） 王杖 鸠杖
Abstract: From prehistory to the Han Dynasty, the rod, which used to be the main symbol of power, is becoming less obvious gradually. In the meanwhile, the meaning of showing respect for the elderly is more obvious, and eventually becomes the main meaning in later ancient China. This transformation roughly happens from the Warring States Period to the Western Han Dynasty. On the whole, the meaning of "Rod" has risen from the initial support to the symbol of military political power to the respecting for the elderly, which reflects its original return.
Key Words: Scepter (head); king scepter; bird scepter
浅谈喀什地区博物馆藏铜鍑
Study on the Bronze Cauldrons of Kashgar Museum
王晓华
Wang Xiaohua
（喀什地区博物馆，喀什，844000）
（Kashgar Museum, Kashgar, 844000）
内容提要：喀什地区博物馆藏铜鍑的时代应为西周早期，其使用者可能为塞人，来源于伊犁地区，经帕米尔高原，即今天的塔什库尔干县，延伸至今天疏附县所在的乌帕尔绿洲。这说明喀什地区从先秦时期就是开放、多元、包容的文明荟萃之地。
关键词：铜鍑 塞人 文化交流
Abstract: The bronze cauldrons of Kashgar Museum are produced in the early period of Western Zhou Dynasty. Its wielders may migrate from northern Xinjiang Yili region, the scope of whose activity including the Pamir, namely today's Tashikuergan county, extending to today's Uppal Oasis. It shows that the Kashgar region is open, diverse, inclusive as early as the pre-Qin period.
Key Words: Bronze cauldron; Sacae; culture exchange
狮子山楚王陵出土石质石权研究
A Study on the Stone Weights Unearthed from the Tombs of the King of Chu in Shizishan
贺国娟1 刘聪2
He Guojuan1 Liu Cong2
（1. 徐州市汉文化风景园林管理处，徐州，221004；2. 徐州汉兵马俑博物馆，徐州，221004）
（1. Han Culture Landscape and Garden Administration of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221004;
2. Museum of Han Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, 221004）
内容提要：狮子山楚王陵出土有三件石质权。通过分析该墓出土记重器物的实测数据并结合秦汉时期衡制考证，这三件石质权应为石权，且极有可能为秦权。石权除作为实用砝码之外，还应具有特殊意义，与权力、地位有关。
关键词：狮子山楚王陵 石质权 石权 度量衡
Abstract: Three stone weights have been unearthed from the tombs of the King of Chu of Shizishan, Xuzhou. According to the analysis of the measured data of the heavy objects unearthed in the Tomb and the textual research of the balance in the Qin and Han dynasties, the three weights of stone should be weighted 30 kilos, and most likely to be weights of Qin. The stone weights should have special significance besides being a practical weight, which is related to power and status.
Key Words: Tombs of the King of Chu in Shizishan; stone pledge weights; 30 kilos' weights; dimension volume and weight
《唐陇西李公夫人河东薛氏墓志铭并序》考略
Textural Research on Xue's Epitaph of Tang Dynasty
韩 革
Han Ge
（晋祠博物馆，太原，030025）
（Jinci Museum, Taiyuan, 030025）
内容提要：唐陇西李公夫人河东薛氏墓志收藏于汾阳市博物馆，志主为唐末名将薛平第五女。志主早年丧父，由兄嫂抚养，并由兄择陇西李氏为夫，婚后4年于大中九年（855年）在汾州西河县太安乡招庆里家中去世，享年30岁。本文对墓志进行考释，对志中所述志主曾祖薛楚玉、祖薛嵩、父薛平、兄薛从之官职综合史籍进行梳理，同时对志文中所涉州、县建置以及乡村等地理问题进行了探讨。
关键词：墓志 唐朝 河东薛氏
Abstract: The epitaph and preface of Xue Clan in Hedong in Tang Dynasty, the wife of Li Gong in Longxi, is collected in Fenyang Museum. The owner is the fifth daughter of Xue Ping, a famous general in late Tang. Her father died when she was very young and she was raised by her elder brother and sister-in-law. Her elder brother chose Li Clan in Longxi as her husband later. Four years after her marriage in 855, she died at home in Zhaoqingli, Tai' an township, Xihe county, Fenzhou, at the age of 30. With textual research on the epitaph, this paper summarizes the comprehensive historical records of the official positions of Xue Clan's great grand-father Xue Chuyu, her grand-father Xue Song, her father Xue Ping, and her elder brother Xue Cong. The paper also discusses the geographical problems related to the construction of states, counties and villages.
Key Words: Epitaph; Tang Dynasty; Xue of Hedong
清昌陵圣德神功碑楼的营建与维修初探
Discussion on the Construction and Maintenance of Sheng De Shen Gong Monument
Building of Qing Chang Tombs
赵兴坤
Zhao Xingkun
（清西陵文物管理处，保定，074211）
（Western Qing Tombs, Baoding, 074211）
内容提要：清昌陵圣德神功碑楼始建于道光元年，竣工于道光十年，是清代最后一座皇陵建筑，亦是中国古代王朝大碑楼的绝唱。该碑楼的添建遵从典制，精选物料，靡费国帑，建设工期漫长，是皇陵建设的缩影。后因清王朝的衰落，却未得保护、修缮。中华人民共和国成立后，多次进行修缮，特别是1985年的落架大修才使其重现旧貌。
关键词：清西陵 昌陵圣德神功碑楼 营建与维修
Abstract: The construction of Sheng De Shen Gong Monument Building of Qing Chang Tombs was
started in the first year of Daoguang and completed in the tenth year of the same period, which is both the last monument in the reign of the Qing Dynasty and the peak of such monuments in the Chinese history of feudal dynasties. The construction of Sheng De Shen Gong Monument Building followed the decrees and regulations, whose materials were fine selected from the whole country. Its construction is also an epitome of the vast and numerous imperial mausoleum constructions with a tremendous cost of material delivery and long-span construction schedule. The subsequent maintenance of Sheng De Shen Gong Monument Building also varied greatly due to the social transformation in China. The maintenance completed in 1985, especially restores the Monument Building to its original appearance.
Key Words: Western Qing Tombs; Sheng De Shen Gong Monument Building of Qing Chang Tombs; construction and maintenance
20世纪上半叶知识界对考古学与金石学关系的认识
Knowledge of the Relationship Between Archaeology and Epigraphy
in the First Half of the 20th Century
肖 宇
Xiao Yu
（常州博物馆，常州，213022）
（Changzhou Museum, Changzhou, 213022）
内容提要：考古学与金石学的关系问题牵涉甚广而又至关重要，长期议而不决。特定学术语境中史学界的主流观点是考古学和金石学既存在亲缘关系，又有差异。同时，在中国考古学创建的具体实践中，已有学人立足于研究方法与学科发展，强调考古学的独立性，而与金石学立异。关于考古学与金石学关系的认知结果，是不同情境下中国考古学本体论的表达形式。而对这一认知过程的爬梳与分析，则构成中国考古学史研究的一种路径。
关键词：近代学人 考古学 金石学 考古学史
Abstract: The relationship between archaeology and epigraphy is really critical to this field and has been discussed for a long time. The mainstream view of history in a specific academic context not only holds that archaeology and epigraphy are related, but also recognizes the difference between them. At the same time, during the practice of Chinese archaeology creation, some scholars, based on research methods and subject development, emphasized the independence of archaeology, for it is quite different from epigraphy. The cognitive result of the relationship between archaeology and epigraphy is the expression form of Chinese archaeology ontology in different situations. The analysis of this cognitive process constitutes a path for the study of Chinese archaeological history.
Key Words: Modern scholars; archaeology; epigraphy; history of archaeology
从《良友》看近代中国博物馆的现代性
Observe the Modernity of Modern Chinese Museums Through the
Young Companion
李 楠
Li Nan
（吉林大学考古学院，长春，130012）
（School of Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012）
内容提要：鸦片战争后社会巨变，中国知识分子和进步人士产生了使命感与忧国忧民意识，希望通过开启民智救亡图存。20世纪20到30年代，中国的博物馆事业得到了初步发展。以《良友》画报中的博物馆史料为基础，借助《良友》这一消费文化的代表，可以探究中国博物馆的现代性。这种现代性体现在近代中国博物馆构建了公共文化并参与了公共文化生活，通过爱国主义教育促进民族意识的觉醒和形成，表达民族意识和体现国家意识，在中国的发展和演进中呈现出既有现代性又有民族性的特点。
关键词：《良友》 博物馆 史料 现代性
Abstract: Since the Opium War, the society has undergone tremendous changes, Chinese intellectuals and progressives have a sense of mission and concern for the country and the people, hoping to save the people by opening up the people's wisdom. From 1920s to 1930s, Chinese museums had been initially developed during this period. Based on the historical materials of the museum in Young Companion, the representative of the consumer culture of the Young Companion is used to explore the modernity of Chinese museums. It is reflected in the construction of public culture and participation in public cultural life in modern Chinese museums. It promotes the awakening and formation of national consciousness through patriotism education, expresses national consciousness and reflects national consciousness. It has the characteristics of both modernity and nationality in the development and evolution of China.
Key Words: Young Companion; museum; historical data; modernity
高校博物馆发展路径探析
——以学科支持和大学育人为切入点
Exploration of the Development Path of University Museum: Taking the Academic Support
and Higher Education as the Entry Point
麻赛萍1 陈燕2
Ma Saiping1 Chen Yan2
（1. 复旦大学文博系，上海，200433；2. 上海交通大学钱学森图书馆，上海，200240）
（1. Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Fudan University, Shanghai,200433;
2. Qian Xuesen Library & Museum, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240）
内容提要：在国家加强高校博物馆建设的倡导下，高校博物馆的发展迎来了新的契机，但路在何方需要在实际工作中摸索。现阶段，高校博物馆应充分利用深厚的学科支持这一优势资源，改变自我定位与态度，通过举办有高校特色的展览来扩大影响力，围绕教学科研完善藏品，使之体系化，以便独立完成大学育人使命，多途径实现社会服务功能。
关键词：高校博物馆 学科支持 育人 社会服务
Abstract: Under the Country's policy on the sponsorship of the university museum construction, university museums ushered in the new opportunity for development. However, the development path needs to be fumbled in the practical work. In the university context, university museums should make full use of profound disciplines as support tools to present exhibitions and collateral lectures, to perfect the systematic collection and to hold the collection-based curricula. Thus, they can serve both the surrounding community and the university and then expand their influence.
Key Words: University museum; academic support; education; community service
试论博物馆公信力建设
The Study on the Construction of Museum Credibility
王子旋
Wang Zixuan
（中国社会科学院研究生院，北京，102488）
（Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 102488）
内容提要：博物馆公信力建设是博物馆良好发展的基础，反映出社会公众对博物馆的认知与评价。近年来，我国博物馆公信力建设在取得一定成就的同时，也面临缺乏自主性、自我认知水平低下、与公众关系有待加强等问题。加强博物馆公信力建设是博物馆实现长远发展重要的一环，为此，中国博物馆要通过内部治理和外部建设，推动博物馆公信力建设取得重大突破，并加快构建博物馆公信力评估指标体系，实现博物馆可持续发展。
关键词：博物馆管理 公信力 建设
Abstract: The construction of the credibility of the museum is the basis for the better development of the museum, reflecting the public's perception and evaluation of the museum. In recent years, while building a series of achievements in the credibility construction of Chinese museums, it also faces problems such as lack of autonomy, low level of self-awareness, and the need to strengthen public relations with the public. Strengthening the credibility of the museum is an important part of the museum's long-term development. To this end, through internal governance and external construction, the Chinese museums will get a breakthrough in building credibility. The Chinese museums should speed up the construction of the museum's credibility evaluation index system and achieve sustainable development.
Key Words: Museum management; credibility; construction
试析历史文化主题类引进展览的优化创新
——以“海上丝绸之路文物精品大展”为例
Analysis on the Optimization and Innovation of Introduced Exhibitions Themed on
History and Culture: Taking the Selected Artifacts from the Maritime Silk Road Exhibition
as an Example
张媛媛
Zhang Yuanyuan
（国家大剧院，北京，100031）
（National Centre for the Performing Arts of China, Beijing, 100031）
内容提要：历史文化主题类展览是目前博物馆展览中的重要类型之一。在信息传播迅速、展览交流日盛的新形势下，历史文化主题类引进展览的策划，对于博物馆具有积极的意义。博物馆工作者应秉持原创展览的审慎态度和创新精神，在尊重原有展览的基础上优化创新。天津博物馆“海上丝绸之路文物精品大展”提供了此类展览优化创新的案例，其关键环节——阐释展览主题的思路也值得反思。
关键词：历史文化主题 引进展览 优化创新 阐释主题
Abstract: Exhibition themed on history and culture is an important type amongst museums. Given today's fast-growing information sharing and exhibition exchanging, planning of the introduced exhibitions themed on history and culture has great significance for museums. Besides preserving the spirit of the original ones, museum professionals should further optimize them in a scrupulous and creative approach. The exhibition Selected Artifacts from the Maritime Silk Road of Tianjin Museum makes a case against of the method of optimization and innovation of this type of exhibitions. The thread of elucidating the theme of the exhibition is the key factor.
Key Words: Historical and cultural theme; introduced exhibition; optimization and innovation; theme elucidation
从同一意象的不同艺术表达看传统文化的发展 与传播
——以安徽博物院藏“采石矶”木雕板为例
From the Different Artistic Expressions of the Same Image to Discuss the Traditional
Culture's Development and Spread: Taking the Wood Carving Board of Cai Shi Ji Collected
in Anhui Museum as an Example
周 媛
Zhou Yuan
（安徽博物院，合肥，230061）
（Anhui Museum, Hefei, 230061）
内容提要：采石矶位于马鞍山市区西南，背靠翠螺山麓、面临长江，为古代兵家必争之地。朱元璋为夺取南京，将当时被元军所占的采石矶作为首攻目标，安徽博物院藏“采石矶”木雕板即刻画了此次战役的战斗场面。此外，《皇明英烈传》、秦腔《采石矶》和京剧《采石矶》也描写了这一战役。通过对四者的对比和分析，可发现传统文化在传播中的继承与发展脉络，这为当代博物馆改变宣传和展览模式提供了新思路。
关键词：采石矶 《皇明英烈传》 秦腔 京剧 木雕板
Abstract: Caishiji located in the southwest of Ma' anshan. It backs to the Cuiluo Mountain and faces to the Changjiang River. It was the strategic area essential for contending. Zhu Yuanzhang who wanted to capture Nanjing, took Caishiji occupied by Yuan army at that time as the first target to attack. The wood carving of Cai Shi Ji which was collected by Anhui Museum depicted the scenes of that battle. The Heroic Biography in Ming Dynasty, Shaanxi opera Cai Shi Ji and Beijing opera Cai Shi Ji also show the battle. This paper compares and analyses these four works to find out the inheritance and development of traditional culture in communication. On this basis, this paper tries to provide ideas for the contemporary museums to change the mode of publicity and exhibition.
Key Words: Wood carving of Cai Shi Ji; The Heroic Biography in Ming Dynasty; Shaanxi opera; Beijing opera; wood carving
河南省鲁山、郏县、汝州、焦作古窑址调查记略
Report on the Investigation of Ancient Kiln Sites in Lushan, Jiaxian, Ruzhou and Jiaozuo of
Henan Province
朱宏秋
Zhu Hongqiu
（河南博物院，郑州，450002）
（Henan Museum, Zhengzhou, 450002）
内容提要：古瓷窑遗址是古代遗址的主要类型之一，河南地区古代制瓷业发达，古瓷窑遗址遍布于豫西伏牛山与豫北太行山的广大区域。本文主要利用田野调查的研究方法，于2014—2015年通过对鲁山、郏县、汝州、焦作地区的古瓷窑遗址进行调查，记录并分析各古瓷窑址的现存状况及遗物面貌，观察概括唐、宋、金、元时期瓷器生产特点，为相关研究提供最新的实物资料。
关键词：鲁山 郏县 汝州 焦作 古窑址 调查
Abstract: Kiln sites are one of the main types of ancient sites. The porcelain industry in Henan was well developed in ancient times, and the kiln sites were widely distributed in Funiu Mountain in the west of Henan Province and Taihang Mountains in the north of Henan Province. Using field survey as the main research method, this report focuses on the investigation conducted in 2014 and 2015 of ancient kiln sites in Lushan, Jiaxian, Ruzhou and Jiaozuo. The status quo and features of the antiquities of each ancient kiln site are recorded and analyzed. The characteristics of porcelain production in Tang, Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties were observed and summarized, providing the most up-to-date material for related researches.
Key Words: Lushan; Jiaxian; Ruzhou; Jiaozuo; ancient kiln site; survey