新兴技术重塑场馆的基本功能
Emerging Technologies: Reshaping the Fundamental Functions of Museums
李无言 王小明
Li Wuyan Wang Xiaoming
（上海科技馆，上海，200127）
（Shanghai Science & Technology Museum, Shanghai, 200127）
内容提要：在跨界融合的时代潮流中，不断迭代发展的新兴技术被越来越多地应用到场馆中，带来新理念与新业态，多维度、多层面、多路径地重塑场馆，使场馆更好地发挥基本功能。在迎来发展机遇的同时，场馆也面临着技术适用对象不合适、内在潜力未得到充分挖掘、相互之间融合不协调不深入等问题，以致难以满足快速增长的现实需求。未来的场馆应保持对新兴技术的敏锐性和开放性，探索深度融合之道，最终实现思维方式、运营模式、体制机制的变革与重构，迎来新时代的新发展。
关键词：新兴技术 跨界融合 场馆 基本功能
Abstract: In the era of cross-border integration, more and more iterative new technologies are applied in museums with new concepts and new industry condition, making museum exert fundamental functions better, and reshaping museums with multi-dimensions, multi-layers and multi-paths. While facing development opportunities, museums are also faced with many problems: technologies applied mismatch the content, the potential of technologies hasn’t been realized thoroughly, and integration is not compatible or tight enough, resulting in the unsatisfaction of rapidly increasing demand. In the years to come, museums should be open and sagacious to emerging technologies and explore the best way to promote integration. By doing so, the future will be the revolution and reconstruction of way of thinking, operation model, as well as system and mechanism.
Key Words: Emerging technologies; cross-border integration; museum; fundamental functions
单类器物展形式设计技巧运用偶拾
Inspiration of Skill Application of Single-Type Object Exhibition Design
薄海昆
Bo Haikun
（故宫博物院，北京，100009）
（Palace Museum, Beijing, 100009）
内容提要：与综合展览相比，单类器物展在一定程度上受内容局限，往往难免单调刻板。设计者通过精心构思，恰当运用形式设计技巧，合理施以辅助手段，尽力提升感观指数，深化承载内涵，是促进此类展览改进创新的有效途径，也是“以观众为中心”展览理念、展品信息传播和展览特色塑造的必然要求。故宫博物院举办的“清宫御砚展”运用色彩衬托法、气氛渲染法、拓展示意法、混搭配合法、互动体验法等技巧使展览生趣盎然、引人入胜，是一次成功的实践，其思路和方法对其他类似展览有借鉴意义。
关键词：单类器物展 清宫御砚 以观众为中心 信息延伸 设计技巧
Abstract: Single-type object exhibitions partly have limitations in contents, usually monotonous and inflexible, compared with comprehensive exhibitions. For designers, to properly apply design skills, to reasonably use assisting methods, to promote sensory quality, and to broaden connotation can effectively prompt innovations and changes, which is necessarily demanded by visitor-oriented concept, spread of exhibit information and characteristic shaping of exhibitions. Through quoting fairly new exhibition design concepts from modern museums, and observing the successful exhibition Selected Qing Court Inkstones from the Palace Museum Collection held at the Palace Museum, the article summarizes basic application thoughts of exhibition design skills and some methods, and briefly discusses the application essentials.
Key Words: Single-type object exhibitions; Qing court inkstones; visitor-oriented; expanding of information; design skills
元明龙泉窑凤尾瓶略论
Research on Phoenix-Tail Vase of Longquan Kiln During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties
周雪妍
Zhou Xueyan
（复旦大学文物与博物馆学系，上海，200433）
（Department of Cultural Heritage And Museology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433）
内容提要：元明时期，龙泉窑创烧并流行一类后世称为“凤尾瓶”的大型瓶器，其器形丰盈高大，多饰有缠枝牡丹花纹样。作为此时期龙泉窑的典型产品，学界对此器类虽有关注，却尚未对其内涵做深入挖掘。本文以出土材料及传世文物、特别是纪年器为基础，尝试研析其器物特征与流变，在初步分期的基础上，探索龙泉窑凤尾瓶自创烧、成熟、消费、传播到衰落的完整历程。
关键词：龙泉窑 凤尾瓶 元明瓷器 外销瓷
Abstract: During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Longquan kiln created a kind of large vase, which was later called“phoenix-tail vase”. Phoenix-tail vases, mostly decorated with interlocking peony patterns, were featured by their height. As a typical product of Longquan kiln in this period, phoenix-tail vase has not been deeply explored in its cultural nature. though many scholars have paid attention to it. This article offers a chronology for these vases based on archaeological discoveries and collections from organizations and individuals, especially based on the vases with accurate years. After differentiating detailed variations, the article proceeds into the circulation of phoenix-tail vases, including the process of creation, maturity, consumption, spread and decline.
Key Words: Longquan kiln; phoenix-tail vase; Yuan and Ming porcelain; export porcelain
中国东南沿海及东南亚地区沉船中的明清贸易瓷器
Ming and Qing Trade Porcelain in Shipwrecks Along the Southeastern Coast of China and Southeast Asia
杨天源
Yang Tianyuan
（上海市文物保护研究中心，上海，200031）
（Shanghai Cultural Heritage Conservation and Research Center, Shanghai, 200031）
内容提要：本文收集中国东南沿海及东南亚地区42处明清时期沉船瓷器资料，依据瓷器组合，结合沉船年代，将贸易瓷器分为七期（约1368—1911年）。通过分期结果可以看出明清时期，江西、福建、广东、浙江等省参与瓷器贸易活动的窑场，在空间分布上动态的阶段性特点及变动。
关键词：明清沉船 水下考古 贸易瓷器
Abstract: This article collects 42 shipwrecks of Ming and Qing Dynasties in southeast coastal China and Southeast Asia. According to the combination of porcelain and the age of the shipwreck, the trade porcelain can be divided into seven periods (about 1368-1911). Through the results of the stages, we can see the dynamic phase characteristics and changes in the spatial distribution of the kilns in Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang and other provinces that participated in the porcelain trade during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Key Words: Shipwrecks in Ming and Qing Dynasties; underwater archaeology; trade porcelain
天津利顺德大饭店建筑遗产可持续发展之路探析
Research on the Sustainable Development of the Astor Hotel in Tianjin as an Architectural Heritage
刘尊志? 郭紫烨? 杜义茹? 杨雪健
Liu Zunzhi Guo Ziye Du Yiru Yang Xuejian
（南开大学考古学与博物馆学系，天津，300350）
（Department of Archaeology and Museology, NanKai University, Tianjin, 300350）
内容提要：天津作为近代以来中国北方的重要租界城市，其土地上保留有许多融合中西特色的建筑遗产。这些建筑遗产构筑了城市的记忆，受到了较好的保护，并成为城市保留独特人文氛围的“博物馆”。其中利顺德大饭店作为一个比较成功的案例，其在保护与利用方面的成功经验值得借鉴。本文以天津利顺德大饭店为例，分析其对城市人文研究的重要意义，对其发展现状进行评估，在此基础上提出针对性的保护与利用建议，以期对近代城市博物馆建设及城市人文印象的构建提供重要参考。
关键词：天津利顺德大饭店 博物馆 建筑遗产
Abstract: As one of the most important concession cities in northern China, Tianjin shows its special culture in the modern history. There are a large number of construction sites, which show both Chinese and Western characteristics. The city’s memories are preserved because of these sites, and they are the museums of the city. The Astor Hotel is a typical case among these sites, which gives us a good reference with its relatively successful preservation experience. In this thesis, we evaluate the development status of the Hotel, and try to propose some ideas which may be also applicable to other similar sites. This work can be significant for the sustainable development of the city museums and the modern urban sites.
Key Words: The Astor Hotel in Tianjin; museum; architectural heritage
宁波博物馆现代可移动物质文化遗产征集与利用
The Collection and Utilization of Modern Removable Material Cultural Heritage of Ningbo Museum
张思桐
Zhang Sitong
（宁波博物馆，宁波，315000）
（Ningbo Museum, Ningbo, 315000）
内容提要：现代可移动物质文化遗产是新中国成立以来中国社会发展以及历史变迁的重要见证，虽然产生的历史时间短，但数量巨大，种类繁多，内涵丰富，具有政治属性和生活属性共存、价值体现于代表性和情节性的特点。当前，博物馆征集、收藏和利用现代可移动物质文化遗产的工作仍处于起步阶段，在征集过程中，应制定符合本馆特点的征集目标和鉴选原则，通过多种途径进行征集，利用媒体扩大宣传；在保管和利用过程中，应根据遗产特点进行收藏保管、展览和教育活动开发，以保证遗产的征集和利用工作顺利开展。
关键词：宁波博物馆 现代 可移动物质文化遗产 征集 利用
Abstract: Modern removable material cultural heritage is an important witness of China’s social development and historical changes since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Although it’s history is short, it is huge in number, wide in variety, and rich in content. It has the coexistence of political and life attributes, and its value is reflected in its representative and plot characteristics. At present, the collection and utilization of modern removable material cultural heritage is still in infancy. During the collection process, collection goals and selection principles should be formulated and the media should be used to expand publicity. In the process of storage and utilization, collection, exhibition and educational activities should be developed according to the characteristics of the heritage, so as to ensure the collection and utilization of the heritage.
Key Words: Ningbo Museum; modern; removable material cultural heritage; collection; utilization
论日本铁路工业遗产的博物馆化保护与利用——以京都铁道博物馆为例
On the Museum Protection and Utilization of Japanese Railway Industrial Heritage: Taking Kyoto Railway Museum as an Example
陈 哲
Chen Zhe
（中国铁道博物馆，北京，100055）
（China Railway Museum, Beijing, 100055）
内容提要：博物馆模式被认为是当下保护铁路工业遗产、展示铁路产业文化的重要方式，与之相关的各种实践及理念也在不断丰富，拓展了人们对铁路工业遗产的认知。作为铁道大国的日本，对铁路工业遗产的博物馆化保护与利用一直走在行业前列。以京都铁道博物馆为例，该馆在运营理念、“物”的保存及展陈设计等方面的经验，值得国内借鉴学习。
关键词：铁路 工业遗产 博物馆化保护与利用 京都铁道博物馆
Abstract: The museum mode is considered to be an important way to protect the railway industrial heritage and display the railway industrial culture at present. Various practices and concepts related to it are also constantly enriched, expanding people’s cognition of the railway industrial heritage. As a big country of railway, Japan has been in the forefront of the industry in terms of museum protection and utilization of railway industrial heritage. Taking Kyoto Railway Museum as an example, its experience in operation concept, preservation of objects and exhibition design is worth learning in China.
Key Words: Railway; industrial heritage; museum protection and utilization; Kyoto Railway Museum
20世纪遗产的保护与利用——以安徽博物院老馆为例
The Protection and Utilization of the 20th Century Heritage: Taking Anhui Museum (Old Museum) as an Example
赵甜甜? 丁飞
Zhao Tiantian Ding Fei
（安徽博物院，合肥，230061）
（Anhui Museum, Hefei, 230061）
内容提要：20世纪遗产的保护日益受到重视，越来越多的20世纪遗产列入全国重点文物保护单位，得到了有效保护和合理利用。在文旅深度融合发展和区域一体化的政策推动下，如何进一步发挥20世纪遗产的社会功能，是值得深入探讨的问题。作为20世纪建筑遗产，安徽博物院老馆在文物活化利用工作方面卓有成效，经由修缮加固和数字化建设，在新时期发挥新的社会功能，基于建筑本体价值推动遗产保护性利用，全面参与城市建设，建构区域文化共同体，由此实现自身社会功能的进一步拓展。
关键词：20世纪遗产 全国重点文物保护单位 安徽博物院 数字化
Abstract: 20th century heritage received widespread attention from the international community. The proportion of“modern historical monuments and representative buildings in modern times” as the fifth category has risen, showing that the protection and utilization of the 20th century heritage are valued at the national policy level. The old museum of Anhui Museum is an important modern and historical site and representative building selected from the National Security Unit. It has important historical, artistic, scientific social and cultural values as a 20th century heritage, and still plays an active role as a modern theme museum and a national patriotic education base, which is regarded as an excellent example of national key cultural relics protection unit in the activation and utilization of cultural relics. Driven by the policy of deep integration of cultural tourism and regional integration, the national key cultural relics protection unit, as a 20th-century architectural heritage, will be able to innovate and play its original social functions in the new period through reinforcement and digital construction; to fully participate in urban construction, and build a regional cultural community, thereby achieving further expansion of its own social functions.
Key Words: 20th century heritage; national key cultural relics protection unit; Anhui Museum; digitalization
地铁振动对博物馆建筑影响及控制措施分析
Analysis of Control Measures for Metro Vibration and Its Impact on Museum Building
任 巍
Ren Wei
（首都博物馆，北京，100045）
（Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045）
内容提要：地铁运行引发的环境振动对周边受振动敏感的博物馆建筑，特别是其内的人员、馆藏文物、文物保护实验使用的精密仪器均会产生不利影响。目前国内关于地铁低频微振动对馆藏文物影响及其防护措施方面的研究成果不多，亟待加强研究力度。本文从地铁振动的产生、传播特性及规律、对博物馆建筑影响以及控制措施等方面进行分析，提出宜采取综合减振措施，有效降低地铁振动对博物馆建筑的影响。文物保护实验使用的精密仪器可在综合减振的基础上设置隔振台。
关键词：地铁振动 博物馆建筑 馆藏文物 精密仪器 控制措施
Abstract: The environment vibration that the metro movement causes is subjected to museum of the vibration sensitive to the periphery building, especially it inside of personnel, museum collection, museum collection to protect the precision instrument of experiment the use all will produce disadvantageous impact. Currently domestic concerning metro low frequency the tiny vibration for museum collection impact and it research achievements of protection measures are few, need to be strengthened for research. This article vibrated from the metro of creation, dissemination characteristic and regulation, carried on analysis to the museum building impact and control measures etc, put forward proper adopted to synthesize measures to reduce vibration, effectively lower the metro vibration is to the impact that museum building. The museum collection to protect the precision instrument of experiment the use can at synthesize measures the foundation for reducing vibration, adopt to set up the measure of vibration isolation platform.
Key Words: Metro vibration; museum building; museum collection; precision instrument; control measures
“华光礁Ⅰ号”海船的复原设计及三维模型建立
Recovery Design and Establishment of Three-Dimensional Model on the Shipwreck of Huaguang Reef No. I
包春磊
Bao Chunlei
（海南省博物馆，海口，570203）
（Hainan Provincial Museum, Haikou, 570203）
内容提要：“华光礁Ⅰ号”海船发掘出水后一直受到人们的关注，是我国远海水下考古发掘的里程碑。宋代的造船技术和航海技术在中国古代“海上丝绸之路”长河中占有重要的历史地位，中国泉州后渚港出土宋船、阳江“南海一号”、“华光礁Ⅰ号”以及韩国新安元代沉船，均是福建“福船”存世的明证，其中“华光礁Ⅰ号”海船是目前仅存六层板海船的标本，意义非凡。“华光礁Ⅰ号”海船前期的复原设计和三维模型建立，为后续实体复原奠定了基础。
关键词：“华光礁Ⅰ号”海船 六层板 复原设计 三维模型
Abstract: Huaguang Reef No. I has attracted people’s attention after excavating the water, which is a milestone for underwater archeological excavations in China. The shipbuilding technology and navigation technology of the Song Dynasty occupied important historical position in the long river of the Marine Silk Road in ancient China. Quanzhou Song Dynasty shipwreck, Yangjiang Nanhai No. 1, Huaguang Reef No. I and South Korea’s Xin’an Yuan Dynasty shipwreck, which are a proof of the survival of Fujian’s Fu Ship. And Huaguang Reef No.I ships is now only 6 layer board vessel specimen, can be significant. The preliminary recovery design and three-dimensional model of Huaguang Reef No. I laid the foundation for subsequent physical recovery.
Key Words: Huaguang Reef No. I shipwreck; six-layer board; recovery design; three-dimensional model