新安沉船上的福建酱黑釉陶瓷
The Fujian Brown-Black-Glazed Ceramics Found on Xin’an Shipwreck
李榕青
Li Rongqing
（福建博物院，福州，350001）
（Fujian Museum, Fuzhou, 350001）
内容提要：在新安沉船发现40周年纪念的黑釉瓷专题展的展品中有福建多个窑口的产品。建窑的黑釉茶碗、德化窑白口褐釉盏、洪塘窑的酱褐釉小罐都是宋代产品，茶洋窑黑釉浅腹茶碗为元代产品，都是日僧、日商应国内引入的宋朝禅院制度、饮茶方式与茶礼之风的需求而购入的，影响了日本茶道文化的形成；磁灶窑陶瓷器也作为适应日本市场的商品进入生活的各方面。在开创、推进日本茶道具与福建宋元陶瓷关系研究中，林屋晴三先生做出了重要贡献。
关键词：新安沉船 建窑 茶洋窑 洪塘窑 磁灶窑 林屋睛三
Abstract: In the exhibition of The 40th Anniversary of the Discovery of Xin’an Shipwreck, there are many porcelain products made in Fujian kilns. Black-glazed tea bowl of Jian kiln, white-mouthed brown-glazed pot of Dehua kiln, and the small brown-glazed pot in Hongtang kiln are all produced in the Song Dynasty. In response to the import of Song Dynasty Zen Temple system, tea drinking style and tea ceremonial style to Japan, many new wares were purchased by Japanese monks and businessmen, like black-glazed shallow tea bowl in Yuan Dynasty. This influenced the emergence of tea culture of Japan. The Chinese kilns at that time made an effort to adapt the Japan market, and Chinese kilns’ products were prevailing in Japan. Hayashiya Haruzo made important contributions in initiating and promoting research on the relationship between Japanese tea props and Fujian Song and Yuan ceramics.
Key Words: Xin’an Shipwreck; Jian kiln; Chayang kiln; Hongtang kiln; Cizao kiln; Hayashiya Haruzo
试析明清德化白瓷外销的器形、原因与影响
The Shapes, Reasons and Influences of the Exportation of Ming and Qing Dynasties Dehua Kiln Porcelain
黄静
Huang Jing
（广东省博物馆，广州，440106）
（Guangdong Museum, Guangzhou, 440106）
内容提要：德化白瓷早在宋元时期就已通过海路大量外销至东南亚等地。明清时期德化白瓷更是风靡欧洲，尤其在17世纪，也就是明代晚期至清代早期，是德化白瓷发展至顶峰的时期。此时的德化白瓷胎体细腻、致密，釉质光洁莹润、白中泛黄，器皿造型优雅，佛道人物塑像气韵生动而飘逸，不仅在国内市场热销，也大量外销至欧洲，成为西方人家居陈设和收藏的珍品。因此，明清德化白瓷对欧洲的社会生活及其白瓷产业的出现都产生了重大的影响，被欧洲人誉为“中国白”“欧洲白瓷之母”。本文就明清德化白瓷外销的特点及对欧洲白瓷产业的影响，以及外销兴盛的原因等问题，进行探讨。
关键词：德化窑 白瓷 外销 对欧洲的影响
Abstract: As early as the Song and Yuan Dynasties, white porcelain made in Dehua was exported to Southeast Asia. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Dehua white porcelain almost swept over Europe. Especially in the 17th century, Dehua white porcelain reached its peak. During that time, the body of Dehua white porcelain was exquisite and dense. Its glaze was ivory white. The shape of Dehua white porcelain was elegant. It was famous for Buddhist or Taoist statue. It sold well not only in domestic market, but also abroad to Europe. Dehua white porcelain had became the furnishings and collections of Western family. Therefore, Dehua white porcelain had a great impact on the European social life and the white porcelain industry. So Dehua white porcelain was honored as Chinese White, or the Mother of European White Porcelain. This paper discusses the Dehua white porcelain exportation and its influence on the Europe in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Key Words: Dehua kiln; white porcelain; exportation; influence on Europe
中国早期博物馆的收藏与活动研究
——以亚洲文会上海博物院为例
Collections and Public Programs of China’s Early Museums: A Study on the Shanghai Museum (R.A.S.)
刘守柔
Liu Shourou
（复旦大学文物与博物馆学系，上海，200433）
（Department of Culture Heritage and Museology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433）
内容提要：亚洲文会北中国支会设立的上海博物院是中国最早出现的博物馆之一，在中国博物馆史上有着重要意义。文章通过对其收藏、展示与公共活动的梳理，尤其关注藏品中历史文物的增加、博物馆展览与公共活动的增多，分析博物馆理念、专业人员、社会环境等各方面因素对其产生的影响。将中国早期博物馆联系起来观察，可以看到：对藏品的选取与阐释，体现出的博物馆意识、文化遗产观念与社会需求；博物馆的历史所延续的不仅是藏品实物，还有与社会生活相结合的理念。
关键词：博物馆 中国早期博物馆 文化遗产 上海博物院
Abstract: The previously Shanghai Museum built by the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society was one of the China’s first modern museums. By studying its collections, exhibitions and public programs, the article shows that museum practice affected by its mission, professional staff, as well as the relationship between museum and society. With other cases of China’s museum predecessors, it focuses on the following issues: Choice and interpretation of collections in museums and social context; influence of China’s early museum history on social life and museum development.
Key Words: Museum; China’s early museum history; cultural heritage; Shanghai Museum (R.A.S.)
郭畀日记手稿残页及其版本
Different Editions of Guo Bi’s Diary and Its Manuscript Fragments
龙霄飞
Long Xiaofei
（首都博物馆，北京，100045）
（Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045）
内容提要：元代郭畀手书日记又称《云山日记》《客杭日记》。首都博物馆藏郭畀日记手稿残页为元代书画家郭畀的传世墨迹，也是上海图书馆藏郭畀日记手稿的缺失部分，长期湮没无闻。对这一残稿墨迹内容进行系统梳理并对其真伪做出判定，分析其书法特色，进而为郭畀书法研究丰富了内容。以此为基础对后世出现的日记抄本和刊本做了比较与说明，并与几个主要版本中此部分内容做出校勘。同时对存世的《云山日记》和《客杭日记》的异同予以分析说明。
关键词：郭畀日记 《云山日记》 《客杭日记》 手稿 版本 书法
Abstract: The Diary of Guo Bi in Yuan Dynasty is also named Diary of Yunshan or Diary Sojourning in Hangzhou. An incomplete manuscript of the Diary of Guo Bi collected in the Capital Museum of China is written by Guo Bi, it is also the missing part of the Diary of Guo Bi collected in the Shanghai Library. To appraise and analysis the incomplete manuscript, we can research the style of calligraphy of Guo Bi. Based on the incomplete manuscript to collate the copies and printed books of the Diary, we can find many differences between them.
Key Words: Diary of Guo Bi; Diary of Yunshan; Diary Sojourning in Hangzhou; manuscript; edition; calligraphy
新式婚礼蔚然成风
——从中国妇女儿童博物馆馆藏民国新式结婚礼节单谈起
A Study Focusing on the Modern Wedding Etiquette List in the Republic of China Preserved in the China National Museum of Women and Children
何月馨
He Yuexin
（中国妇女儿童博物馆，北京，100005）
（China National Museum of Women and Children, Beijing, 100005）
内容提要：本文以中国妇女儿童博物馆藏民国时期一份新式结婚礼节单为中心，通过礼节单的文本复原了民国新式婚礼的流程，并结合其他公开发行的宣传文明结婚礼节的范本，概述了新式婚礼的显著特征。这类面向社会公开发行的礼节单，共同推动着文明结婚的普及、并最终成为一种流行方式。
关键词：民国 文明结婚 新式婚礼 礼节单
Abstract: Based on the research of a modern wedding etiquette list in the Republican Period preserved in the China National Museum of Women and Children, this paper reconstructs the process of the modern wedding ceremony in the Republic of China, and outlines the dominant features of the modern wedding on the basis of the text and other reading materials issued to the public. These kinds of etiquette lists which disseminated the fashion of the modern wedding promoted the popularization of civilized marriage, which had eventually become a kind of trend.
Key Words: The Republic of China; civilized marriage; modern wedding; etiquette list
北京安徽会馆与朱熹《游云谷诗》帖石
The Research on Anhui Guild Hall in Beijing and the Stone Inscriptions of Zhu Xi’s Calligraphy
张云燕
Zhang Yunyan
（北京石刻艺术博物馆，北京，100081）
（Beijing Stone Carving Art Museum, Beijing, 100081）
内容提要：京城安徽会馆建于清同治十年（1871年），由以李鸿章为首的淮军集团主持创建，专为皖籍实权官僚服务，其规模与华丽程度为诸省会馆之冠。原会馆北侧花园拜石山房内嵌置朱熹《游云谷诗》帖石，由李鸿章、鲍源深、黄钰、光熙等皖籍官员组织刊刻。虽帖石所据底本为伪帖，但在会馆内摹刻朱子书迹之事，仍体现了安徽士人追慕同乡先贤遗风，冀求“润色鸿业，策名无穷”的政治抱负。
关键词：安徽会馆 朱熹 《游云谷诗》帖石 李鸿章
Abstract: Anhui guild hall in Beijing was built in the 10th year of the reign of emperor Tongzhi of the Qing dynasty (1871). It was founded by the Huai army group headed by Li Hongzhang. The guild hall was dedicated to serving the powerful bureaucrats of Anhui province, with the most magnificent buildings of all provincial guild halls. There was a house called “Bai Shi Shan Fang” in the garden on the north side of the guild hall, decorated with stone inscriptions of Zhu Xi’s calligraphy Poem of Traveling in the Valley of Clouds which was carved by officials from Anhui province such as Li Hongzhang, Bao Yuanshen, Huang Yu, Guangxi, etc. Although the stones were carved according to a false model calligraphy, the engraving of Zhu Xi’s handwritings in the guild hall still reflects the political ambitions of the Anhui bureaucrats who pursued the legacy of the sages from the same province and seeked to make a career and make a name in the history.
Key Words: Anhui guild hall; Zhu Xi; stone inscriptions of Poem of Traveling in the Valley of Clouds; Li Hongzhang
如何发挥自然博物馆教育的特点与优势做好“馆校结合”
How to Play the Features and Advantages of Natural History Museum Education for the Combination of Museum and School
刘丽 李晓丹 江雪
Liu Li Li Xiaodan Jiang Xue
（大连自然博物馆，大连，116023）
（Dalian Natural History Museum, Dalian, 116023）
内容提要：教育是博物馆的重要职能，实现馆校结合已成为当代博物馆发展的必然趋势。本文采用文献法和个案研究法，论述了自然博物馆科普教育区别于学校教育的特点与优势，并从国内外博物馆的发展实践中汲取有益经验，总结了发挥自然博物馆优势、做好馆校结合的5种主要方式；认为自然博物馆应坚持开发：基于馆藏资源和科学课程标准的教育活动；基于实践的探究式学习型教育活动；特色化、多样化的教育活动。
关键词：自然博物馆 科普教育 学校教育 馆校结合
Abstract: Education is an important responsibility in museum. The combination of museum and school has become the inevitable trend of contemporary museum development. This paper uses documentary and case study methods, discusses the characteristics and advantages of the natural history museum education, and five ways based on the useful experiences from kinds of museums. It put forwards that the museum activities should base on the collection resources and science curriculum standard, as well as the practice of inquiry based learning, the characteristic and wide variety activities.
Key Words: Natural history museum; science popularization education; school education; the combination of museum and school
浅析教育学、传播学视角下的博物馆展览策划与实施
——以“我的自然百宝箱”展览为例
Analysis of Planning and Implementation of Museum Exhibition in the Perspective of
Education and Communication: In the Case of My Natural Treasure Box Exhibition
刘哲 赵妍
Liu Zhe Zhao Yan
（上海自然博物馆，上海，200041）
（Shanghai Natural History Museum, Shanghai, 200041）
内容提要：博物馆的理念正在从以“物”为中心转变为以“人”为中心，博物馆的展览在策划过程中也正在将满足公众需求作为一个重要标准。在这样的大背景下，本文从教育学、传播学的角度来分析博物馆展览策划与实施的特点。上海自然博物馆自2016年起就推出“我的自然百宝箱”品牌活动，尝试将教育与展览有机结合，按照“展教合一、以人为中心、寓教于乐”的思路来策划和实施展览，并取得良好的社会效果。本文以“我的自然百宝箱”展览为例，从教育学、传播学的视角提出博物馆在策划和实施展览的过程中，对展览与教育、公众、技术之间的关系提出一些思考和建议。
关键词：教育学 传播学 博物馆展览 研究视角
Abstract: The concept of museums is changing from “objects” to “people”, and “meeting public needs” is an important criterion in the planning process of museum exhibitions. In this context, this paper analyzes the characteristics of museum exhibition planning and implementation from the perspectives of pedagogy and communication. Since 2016, Shanghai Natural History Museum has launched the brand activity My Natural Treasure Box, trying to organically combine education and exhibition. In the planning process, the exhibition is planned and implemented in accordance with the idea of “integrating exhibition and teaching, human centered, teaching through entertainment”, and has achieved good social effects. Taking My Natural Treasure Box exhibition as an example, this paper puts forward some thoughts and suggestions on how to deal with the relationship between exhibition, education, public and technology in the planning and implementation of exhibition from the perspective of education and communication.
Key Words: Pedagogy; communication; museum exhibition; research perspective
博物馆传播与戏剧手段的运用
The Application of Dramaturgy in Museum Communication
胡盈
Hu Ying
（华东师范大学博物馆，上海，200062）
（Museum of East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062）
内容提要：近年来，在博物馆的传播上，与公众的互动受到了前所未有的重视。博物馆的静态性与戏剧艺术的动态性，博物馆的物质性与戏剧艺术的非物质性，形成了良好的互补。戏剧艺术的时间性与空间性的交织、非语言的表达、重演绎的展示、便利的互动为博物馆传播提供了新的媒介。戏剧艺术手段在博物馆传播中的运用包括4个方面：“戏剧化浸入式”的展览演绎、戏剧元素在展览空间设计中的表现、戏剧式解说，以及戏剧式互动教育活动。
关键词：博物馆传播 博物馆戏剧 戏剧化浸入式 戏剧式解说
Abstract:21 century has witnessed public participation getting increasingly importance in museum communication. The quiescence, materiality of museum environment and the mobility, immateriality of dramatic art complement with each other. The application of dramaturgy in museum communication includes 4 aspects: the dramatic “immersive” exhibition interpretation, the application of drama elements in museum design, the dramatic narration, and interactive dramatic education programs. The discussion combines the latest international theory of the application of dramaturgy in museums and the situation of the preservation of intangible cultural heritage in China.
Key Words: Museum communication; museum theatre (museographical dramaturgy); immersive drama experience; dramatic narration
展陈托架设计制作中的文物保护
——兼论托架的系统化与模块化设计
Conservation in the Design and Manufacture of Support in Exhibition:
Systematic and Modular Design of Exhibition Equipment
刘彦琪 曹宏 王伟华 路菁
Liu Yanqi Cao Hong Wang Weihua Lu Jing
（北京大学考古文博学院，北京，100871）
（School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871）
内容提要：本文以北京大学赛克勒考古与艺术博物馆“燕园聚珍：文明的曙光”展几件重点文物的展览托架的设计制作为例，陈述了展览托架的设计理念，及其设计制作过程需要遵守的文物保护原则。进而讨论了展陈托架的系统化、模块化设计，用案例陈述其原理、方法及技术保障。最后讨论了新兴的3D扫描与3D打印技术在特殊类型文物的托架制作中的应用及该技术的优缺点。
关键词：展陈托架 设计理念 文物保护 系统化 模块化 3D扫描与打印
Abstract: This paper takes the design and manufacture of the support of several key cultural relics of the Treasures from a Swallow Garden at Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Art and Archaeology at Peking University as an example, and states the design concept of the support in exhibition and the principles of Preservation for collections that must be observed in the design and manufacture process. Furthermore, the systematic and modular design of the support was discussed, and the principles, methods and technical support were presented with case study. Finally, the application of emerging 3D scanning and 3D printing in the manufacture of support for special type of collections and the advantages and disadvantages of this technology are discussed.
Key Words: Support in exhibition; design concept; preservation for collections; systematic; modular; 3D scanning and 3D printing
博物馆注册商标维权浅议
A Brief Discussion on Protecting Rights of Museum Registered Trademarks
王月芳
Wang Yuefang
（故宫博物院，北京，100009）
（The Palace Museum, Beijing, 100009）
内容提要：博物馆商标权是博物馆知识产权的重要组成部分。本文主要论述了博物馆注册商标重要性、维权策略、维权途径等问题，从法律依据和实际操作两个方面对博物馆注册商标维权策略和途径进行了总结和梳理，并对其中的部分内容结合案例进行了说明。
关键词：博物馆 注册商标 维权
Abstract: Museum trademark right is a significant component of museum intellectual property right. This article mainly discusses the importance of museum registered trademarks, rights protection strategies, rights protection ways and other issues. This paper summarizes and sorts out the strategies and ways of safeguarding the rights of museum registered trademarks from two aspects of legal basis and practical operation, and explains some of the contents in combination with cases.
Key Words: Museum; registered trademark; rights protection
博物馆语境下创伤记忆重构
——以南京利济巷慰安所旧址陈列馆为例
The Reconstruction of Traumatic Memory in the Case of Nanjing Museum of the Site of Lijixiang Comfort Stations from the View of Museum Context
孙红芳
Sun Hongfang
（天津师范大学历史文化学院，天津，300387）
（Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387）
从“摇篮”走向大海
——“顺风相送定海湾——沉船文物展”始末
From Cradle to the Ocean: The Story of the Exhibition of
Shipwreck Cultural Relics from Dinghai Bay, Lianjiang, Fujian
栗建安
Li Jian’an
（福建博物院文物考古研究所，福州，350001）
（Research Department of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Fujian Museum, Fuzhou, 350001）