浙江龙泉黑胎青瓷的原料及工艺研究
Study on Raw Materials and Manufacture Technology of Zhejiang Longquan Black Body Celadon
段鸿莺1、2 郑建明3 王光尧4 徐军5 苗建民1、2
Duan Hongying1、2 Zheng Jianming3 Wang Guangyao4 Xu Jun5 Miao Jianmin1、2
（1. 故宫博物院文保科技部，北京，100009；2. 古陶瓷保护研究国家文物局重点科研基地（故宫博物院），北京，100009；
3. 复旦大学文物与博物馆学系，上海，200433；4. 故宫博物院器物部，北京，100009；5. 浙江省文物考古研究所，杭州，310014）
（1. Conservation Department, The Palace Museum, Beijing, 100009;
2. Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Ceramics State Administration of Culture Heritage, The Palace Museum, Beijing, 100009;
3. Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433;
4. Object Department, The Palace Museum, Beijing, 100009;
5. Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Hangzhou, 310014）
内容提要：为揭示龙泉哥窑黑胎青瓷的原料及烧制工艺，以龙泉溪口瓦窑垟和小梅瓦窑路窑址出土黑胎青瓷瓷片为分析对象，进行胎釉元素组成、显微结构、烧成温度、釉色外观等测试分析，对比总结了两窑址瓷片原料、制作工艺的异同点。基于此，推测文献记载的龙泉哥窑指的是具有某些特征的一类器物，其窑址并非一处，烧制技术也并非一条线发展，而是多元化发展。
关键词：黑胎青瓷 龙泉哥窑 原料 制作工艺
Abstract: In order to reveal the raw materials and the pottery firing technology, we have adopted the samples of Longquan Ge ware black body celadon and the black body celadon shards as analysis in this paper (excavated from Longquan Xikou Wayaoyang kiln site and Xiaomei Wayaolu kiln site). Through the test and analysis of its general structure, glaze chemical composition, microstructure, fi ring temperature, glaze appearance and etc, one is able to preliminarily study the raw materials and the manufacture technology of black body celadon which are unearthed from the two kiln sites. Their similarities and differences are compared and summarized. Based on these results, we predict that the Longquan Ge ware, recorded in ancient literatures, refers to a certain kind of celadon objects with a certain unique characteristics. Furthermore, there are multiple kiln sites, and the development trend of its manufacture technology has not been one fold as the evolution can be recognized as very diverse.
Key Words: Black body celadon; Longquange Ge ware; raw material; manufacture technology
故宫藏绣字“万寿无疆”匾的保护修复
Study on the Conservation of Embroidered Plaques in The Palace Museum
陈 杨
Chen Yang
（故宫博物院文保科技部，北京，100009）
（Conservation Department, The Palace Museum, Beijing, 100009）
内容提要：清康熙帝御笔绣字“万寿无疆”匾是故宫博物院藏二级文物，此件文物在修复保护前存在较为严重的脏污、破损、金线脱落及绣字粉化糟朽等问题，尤其是织金缎部分破损严重，亟待修复。修复人员通过对相关工艺技术史和传统工艺的查阅与调研，来解决补配材料仿旧织造的难题；通过对织锦包边污染物的科学分析，结合污染物清洗原理，用仪器检测辅助筛选清洗剂种类、除尘清理方式及材料等，来解决污染物去除的难题；通过对多种修复技法的尝试，解决破损部位回补复原的技术难点；通过对钉金绣捻金线的结构、材质和技术类型进行全面系统研究，为加固方法的选择提供可靠依据。意在通过对该件文物保护修复过程中如何运用科技手段找出病害根源、解决病害影响，对补配材料的复仿制过程解读这种面料的织造技艺，使传统与科技有机结合。
关键词：大型匾额 保护修复 嵌补技术 补配材料 织造
Abstract: The plaque which Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty has personally in-scripted on, with the embroidered phrase translated to ‘longevity’, is a second-class cultural relic in the Palace Museum. Before the restoration, it had been serious spoiled and damaged, some of its gold threads had been pulled out and the black embroidered characters had began to rot. Especially the brocade used for the edges of the plaque had been badly damaged. Therefore the restorers decided to investigate the history and the style of traditional craftsmanship of this cultural relic, in order to solve this severe difficulty of making the exact materials and to repair the damage. Learning the scientific analysis of the contaminants around the brocade, the restorers have combined the principles of decontamination with the usage of detecting instruments which determine the specific types of cleaning agents, dust removal methods and the material types of the relic. In order to effectively solve this problem of removing the pollutants; as the restorers had faced many technical difficulties when they were repairing the damaged parts, they had to range through many attempts of various repairing techniques. Especially, they had to sturdy through a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the types of nailed gold and twisted gold yarns which are embroidered on the plaque. In this way, they were able to provide a reliable basis for the selection of reinforcement methods. The purpose of this article is to find out the cause of the harms to the relic scientifically. At the same time, to solve the influence of the harms through the process of decoding and restoring this cultural relic, and to make scientific interpretations by combining modern technology and traditional methods.
Key Words: Large plaque; conservation; inlay technology; complementary materials; weaving
沉船考古中的凝结物问题
Study on the Coagulation in the Shipwreck Archaeology
叶道阳
Ye Daoyang
（广东海上丝绸之路博物馆，阳江，529536）
（Maritime Silk Road Museum of Guangdong, Yangjiang, 529536）
内容提要：中国近海的沉船考古如南海Ⅰ号、三道岗元代沉船、华光礁Ⅰ号、南澳Ⅰ号等，都出水了大量凝结物。凝结物是水下考古中的一种特殊现象，不仅有丰富的文物包含物，在考古学上也是一种遗迹现象，在地层学上也有一定意义。关于凝结物提取后的处理，需要对其进行综合的探讨。为此，在相关学科、相关学者的研究成果基础上，对凝结物的形成环境和过程、类型划分、保护处理的价值和注意事项、凝结物的考古学意义等问题，做了整体的研究。
关键词：沉船考古 凝结物 类型 保护处理
Abstract: The shipwreck archaeology in China’s offshore waters, such as Nanhai I, Sandaogang Yuan Dynasty Shipwreck, Huaguang Reef I, and Nan’ao I, all have a large amount of coagulation. Coagulation is a special phenomenon in underwater archaeology. It is not only rich in cultural relics, but also a relic in archaeology. It also has certain significance in stratigraphy. Regarding the treatment after the extraction of the coagulation, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive discussion. Therefore, based on the researched results of related disciplines and related scholars, a comprehensive study is needed for the formation of environment and process of condensate, the division of categories, Coagulation diseases, the value of protection, matters that need to be paid attention to and also the condensation of archaeological problems.
Key Words: Shipwreck archaeology; coagulum; type; protection processing
“南海Ⅰ号”发掘现场船体的稳定性保护
The Stability Conservation on the Excavation Site of “Nanhai No.1” Shipwrecks of Song Dynasty
张玄微
Zhang Xuanwei
（广东海上丝绸之路博物馆，阳江，529536）
（Maritime Silk Road Museum of Guangdong, Yangjiang, 529536）
内容提要：2013年“南海Ⅰ号”全面发掘工作展开后，船体及船载文物陆续暴露于大气环境之中。“南海Ⅰ号”宋代沉船浸泡于水下长达800余年，船体木材降解、损坏严重，加之船载文物数量巨大，材质种类多样，叠积密集，其发掘及保护的模式尚无先例可循，发掘现场船体保护任务十分艰巨。维持船体的稳定性，为今后的全面保护、修复做好基础性工作，是“南海Ⅰ号”当前发掘阶段现场保护的重点。为此，结合“南海Ⅰ号”沉船沉积及保存环境变化、船体木材保存状态进行检测分析，梳理了“南海Ⅰ号”现场稳定保护处理的基本技术路线和实施方法。相关监测分析数据显示，“南海Ⅰ号”船体在现场发掘条件下的保存状态没有进一步劣化的趋势，说明发掘现场稳定性保护处理方案得当，实施措施有效。
关键词：海洋环境 饱水木材 发掘现场 稳定性保护
Abstract: Since the beginning of comprehensive excavation of “Nanhai No.1” shipwrecks of Song Dynasty in 2013, the hull and ship-borne cultural relics have been gradually exposed to the air environment with the process of its excavation. As a result of the fact that the “Nanhai No.1” shipwrecks of Song Dynasty has been submerged in the South China Sea for more than 800 years, the degradation and damage of the hull wood have become increasingly serious. In addition, the quantity of cargo carried by the ship was huge, the materials of cultural relics were various, and the goods were piled up densely. Therefore, there is no precedent for its excavation and conservation mode, and the task of hull conservation on its excavation site is very arduous. To maintain the hull stability of “Nanhai No.1” shipwrecks of Song Dynasty, is the basic work for the comprehensive conservation and repair of the hull in the future, and also the key task of implementing onsite conservation in the current stage of its excavation. In this study, the change of deposit and preservation environment of “Nanhai No.1” shipwrecks of Song Dynasty has been analyzed, and the preserved status of the wood of its hull been checked. The basic technology roadmap and implementation methods of onsite stability conservation and treatment of “Nanhai No.1” shipwrecks of Song Dynasty are presented in this paper. Relevant monitoring and analysis data show that, there is no further deterioration trend of the preserved status of the hull of “Nanhai No.1” shipwrecks of Song Dynasty under the condition of on-site excavation, which indicates that the stability conservation and treatment scheme on its excavation site is appropriate and the implementation measures are effective.
Key Words: Marine environment; water-saturated wood; excavation site; stability conservation
安徽芜湖计村大城子遗址植硅体分析与相关问题*
Study on the Phytolith of the Jicun Dachengzi Site in Wuhu, Anhui Province
邱振威1 叶润清2 罗虎2 张小雷2
Qiu Zhenwei1 Ye Runqing2 Luo Hu2 Zhang Xiaolei2
（1.中国国家博物馆，北京，100006；2. 安徽省文物考古研究所，合肥，230601）
（1. National Museum of China, Beijing, 100006;
2. Anhui Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Hefei, 230601）
内容提要：根据对先秦时期皖江下游北岸地区大城子遗址的植硅体的分析，可以发现良渚文化时期计村大城子遗址的区域气候总体暖湿趋于转凉；水稻扇型和水稻双峰型植硅体的含量和浓度整体较低但趋于增加，水稻利用已经普遍存在；结合海绵骨针对水体活动的指示，稻作农业生产可能已经成为当时一项重要的经济与生计活动。两周时期，水体活动加强，气候温暖湿润，更适宜稻作农业发展。将文化记忆的提取和文化遗产的保护纳入研究范畴，对于整个遗址的研究意义重大。
关键词：良渚文化 植硅体 水稻 采样
Abstract: This phytolith analysis was carried out on an archaeological site in the north bank of the lower reaches of the Wan River during the pre-Qin period. The results has shown that the regional climate of the Jicun Dachengzi site in Liangzhu Culture period was generally warm and humid but had a trend of gradually becoming colder. The content and concentration of Oryza-type bulliform and Double-peaked Oryza-type phytoliths were low but had a trend to increase, and rice utilization is widespread. Combining with the indication of sponge spicules for water activities, rice farming may have became an important, economic and livelihood activity at that time. During the Western and the Eastern Zhou Dynasties, water activities were strengthened and the climate was more warm and humid, which is more suitable for rice farming development at the site. In addition to the research work, we call for similar archaeological excavations, especially the full excavation of an entire site, to include more cultural memory extraction and to draw awareness of cultural heritage protection in the research.
Key Words: Liangzhu Culture; phytolith; rice; sampling
博物馆定义的国际化表达与中国式思考
International Expression and Chinese Thinking about Museum Definition
李耀申 耿坤 李晨
Li Yaoshen Geng Kun Li Chen
（中国文物报社，北京，100007）
（China Culture Relics News Press, Beijing, 100007）
内容提要：纵观国际博物馆协会和诸多国家对博物馆的定义，可以发现这些定义注重突出博物馆的价值观；强调博物馆的公共性、开放性和非营利性；能够反映博物馆的工作范畴和工作方法，但也存在着一些短板和不足。结合近30年来国内外博物馆发展的环境变化和主要趋势，遵循定义的排他性、适用性、前瞻性、凝练性原则，试图重新定义博物馆，使其具有全球视野、中国特色且与时俱进。
关键词：博物馆 博物馆定义 要素
Abstract: By making a general survey of international museum associations and the very many definitions countries have given to museums, we have noticed that all these definitions draw focus on what is the main value of a museum. These definitions all emphasize and highlight the importance of public utility, approachability and the solemn nature that it is non-profitable. These results are able to reflect on the range of categories which a museum covers, as well as the methods one uses to run the organization. However, at the same time a few weaknesses do exist and it is true that there are areas to be improved. Therefore, we have decided to combine the results of the gradual change and the general trend of national and international museums in the last 30 years. As well as abiding the solid principles of being exclusive, applicable, prospective and concise; we do attempt to come up with a bran-new definition for modern museum organizations. This new definition allows one to have a global perspective, it is advanced with time and most importantly it highlights its Chinese characteristics.
Key Words: Museum; museum’s definitions; key elements
作为方法论的民族文物
——民族文物价值认知的方法论意义初探
Ethnological Collection as Methodology: The Initial Discussion of the Significance of the Methodology in Interpreting the Values of Ethnological Collection
郑 茜
Zheng Qian
（中国民族博物馆，北京，100080）
（The Chinese National Museum of Ethnology, Beijing, 100080）
内容提要：将物品从原生环境中剥离出来的收藏行为，使博物馆藏品陷入意义丢失的困境。而人类学整体认知理论有可能对这一困境完成一次方法论解救，即通过探求和还原民族学文物在其原生社会文化语境中的存在意义，呈现出藏品的真实价值，并揭示出藏品背后的文化价值系统。这一在人类学理论启发与指导下的博物馆知识生产方法论，不仅可以构建出一个关于博物馆藏品的完整意义解释系统，同时也有望引领博物馆将其工作内容不再局限于收藏与保护文物本身，而是延展到对文物背后的文化遗产价值体系的收藏与保护。与此同时，民族文物价值认知的方法论意义，还在于它可以进一步强化博物馆建立在文化主体间性基础上，倡导跨文化对话的认知与传播功能。
关键词：民族文物 价值 方法论 整体认知论
Abstract: The single act of collection, in which we view the objects without their original context, condemns the objects of the museum’s collection to a dilemma of losing their specific meanings. Nonetheless, the holistic epistemology in anthropology has a great likelihood to solve this dilemma on a methodological level.
This puzzle is solved in the process of discovering and recovering the values of the existing ethnological collections in their original socio culture contexts. Through this process we present the true value of the objects, thus revealing the cultural value related to the object. Methodology is inspired by the guidance of anthropologic theories, it does not only construct an interpreting system for the holistic values of museum’s collection, but also manages to play a leading role in extending the affairs of museums——from just simply collecting and preserving the objects themselves to collecting and preserving the value of cultural heritage behind the objects. In addition, methodology approved by the values of ethnological collection has another significance——it can allow the museums’ to disseminate culture and to initiate intercultural communications on the basis of the cultural subjectivity.
Key Words: Ethnological collection ; values; methodology; holistic epistemology
智慧博物馆与AI博物馆
——人工智能时代博物馆发展新机遇
Smart Museum and AI Museum: A New Opportunity for Museum Development in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
李 姣
Li Jiao
（深圳市宝安区公共文化服务中心，深圳，518108）
（Public Cultural Service Centre of Baoan District in Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, 518108）
内容提要：现代信息技术的快速发展，引起了人类社会一次又一次的变革。智慧地球的理念迅速普及，智慧博物馆概念在博物馆领域应运而生。在物联网、移动互联、大数据、云计算等信息技术的推动下，智慧博物馆探索建立智慧服务、智慧保护、智慧管理的应用模式。目前智慧博物馆的发展还是初级形式。人工智能被誉为“第四次产业革命”，世界各国纷纷将其作为国家重要发展战略，博物馆在即将到来的人工智能时代也将面临新的发展机遇和变革。国内外博物馆已开始探索在导览服务、游客管理、陈列展览、文物管理、文物保护修复及鉴定等方面与人工智能技术的结合。智慧博物馆从初级形式向高级形式——人工智能博物馆发展将是必然趋势。
关键词：智慧博物馆 人工智能 AI博物馆
Abstract: The rapid development of modern information technology has caused change to human society again and again. The concept of “smart earth” has been rapidly popularized, and the concept of smart museum has emerged in the field of museums. This effect is driven by the Internet of things, the mobile Internet, big data, cloud computing and other information technologies; smart museums explore the application models of smart services, smart protection and smart management. At present, the development of smart museums is still in its primary form. Artificial intelligence is known as “the fourth industrial revolution” and all the countries around the world regard it as an important national development strategy. At the same time, museums will also face new development opportunities and changes in the upcoming era of artificial intelligence. National and international museums have begun to explore the combination of AI technology in guidance services, tourist management, display and exhibition, cultural relics management, cultural relics protection, restoration and identification. It is an inevitable trend; therefore it is necessary to develop smart museums from their primary form to their advanced form: the artificial intelligence museum.
Key Words: Wisdom museum; artificial intelligence; AI museum
再论首都博物馆藏西周班簋
Reconsidering the Capital Museum’s Ban Gui of the Western Zhou Dynasty
于力凡
Yu Lifan
（首都博物馆，北京，100045）
（Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045）
内容提要：首都博物馆藏传世青铜器之最当属西周班簋。它是北京地区发现的一件国宝级文物，由于经历曲折，更显珍贵。关于班簋的年代，主要有成王时期说、昭王时期说、穆王时期说。诸家观点的依据都是器物铭文。从班簋的器形、纹饰、铭文等方面综合分析，其应为西周穆王时期器物。
关键词：首都博物馆 西周 班簋 穆王
Abstract: The Ban gui collected in Capital museum is a national treasure. It seems more precious due to its ‘tortuous experience’ during Cultural Revolution. There are a few controversial opinions on its production years. All the opinions are based on the inscription on the vessel. By analyzing its shape, decoration and inscription, the vessel is confirmed to be commissioned during the King Mu of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Key Words: Capital Museum; Western Zhou Dynasty; Ban gui; King Mu
清西陵琉璃瓦戳记浅析
A Brief Analysis of the Glazed Tile Stamps of Western Qing Tombs
赵兴坤
Zhao Xingkun
（清西陵文物管理处，保定，074211）
（Western Qing Tombs, Baoding, 074211）
内容提要：清西陵琉璃瓦因属钦工物料，故在瓦体（胎）上多钤盖涉及宫殿、年号、类别、部门、制度等诸多方面的戳记，是清代皇陵建筑的重要文化遗存，具有较高的研究价值。这些戳记文字可分为物勒工名、特定建筑专用、标注年代、瓦件分类等六种，对其详细介绍，并解读蕴含的历史信息，对了解清朝历史文化有重要价值。
关键词：清代 西陵 琉璃瓦 戳记
Abstract: These glazed tiles of Western Qing Tombs are made for royal mausoleums, so there are many stamps on the tile body that cover various contents such as: the name of palace, the reign title, the categories, the departments, the system, and so on. It can be viewed as an important cultural relic in the imperial tombs of Qing Dynasty and has high research value. Through classification of the glazed tile stamps in Western Qing Tombs, the detailed analysis made from manufacturers’ names, their special use for specific buildings, their date, labeling, and the classification of tiles and other aspects, we are able to restore history and to support the historical facts. The full discussion in this analysis will promote the study of the glazed tile stamp and also the whole glazed tile field.
Key Words: Qing Dynasty; Western Qing Tombs; glazed tile; stamps
浙江古代瓷业概述
Overview of Ancient Porcelain Kilns in Zhejiang Province
沈岳明
Shen Yueming
（复旦大学科技考古研究院，上海，200433）
（Institute of Science and Technology Archaeology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433）
内容提要：浙江古代的瓷业生产，最早可以上溯至夏商时期，从商周原始瓷的横空出世、汉六朝时期瓷业生产的走向成熟，到唐代越窑绝世秘色的烧造成功，再到宋代龙泉窑把南北、官民两大瓷业体系融为一体创出粉青、梅子青的集大成者及无与伦比的官窑，各个时期均是古代瓷业生产的领跑者，在世界陶瓷史上有着举足轻重的地位，是浙江对世界文明的杰出贡献。
关键词：浙江 古代 窑业
Abstract: This analysis is written about the ancient porcelain kilns production in Zhejiang province; the earliest can be traced back to the Xia and Shang dynasties and the primitive porcelain production initiated during Shang and Zhou Dynasties. During the Han Dynasty and the Six Dynasties porcelain production gradually matured and Yue kiln of Tang Dynasty had world-class secret color from the successful burning. Then the Song Dynasty Longquan kiln had combined the two major porcelain industrial systems of the North and South into one, and had created a powder and green porcelain, Meizi Qing porcelain collection and unparalleled official kiln. All these dynasties listed above played a leading role in ancient porcelain production and they have achieved a pivotal position in the history of world ceramics; Zhejiang province has made outstanding contribution to world civilization.
Key Words: Zhejiang province; ancient; kilns
对博物馆展览翻译工作模式的思考
Insight into the Mode of Translation in the Museum Exhibition
邵欣欣
Shao Xinxin
（首都博物馆，北京，100045）
（Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045）
内容提要：中国博物馆长期以来的展览翻译工作模式是，首先由博物馆的大纲创作人员写出大纲，然后将大纲交与翻译人员翻译，最后将中外文内容一起提交给展览设计人员。这种模式存在着一些亟待解决的问题。故在重新分析文博翻译在展览中作用的基础上，提出了关于展览翻译的新的工作模式，可使展览翻译在策展和展览设计工作中的参与程度大大加强，可以解决原来的一些问题，提高展览的社会效益。
关键词：文博翻译 展览 释展
Abstract: For a long time, the system of exhibition text translation in Chinese museums is fixed and this specific system runs like this: firstly the text writer of the museum would outline and design the exhibition text in Chinese and then this text would be handed down to the translators and the translators would do the translation by themselves. At the end the exhibition designers would receive the text in several languages altogether. However, there are still some problems needing to be solved at present. In this essay, the new mode of museum text translation will be mentioned based on the reanalysis on the role of translation in exhibitions. It could reinforce the role of translation in the planning and designs of exhibitions, at the same time it could improve the social benefit of exhibitions.
Key Words: Exhibition translator; exhibition; exhibition interpretation
论“三重证据法”在展览中的应用
——以“幽香氤氲——香具?香品?香文化”展为例
Discourse on“triple evidence”Used in the Exhibition: Take the Exhibition of “Censer,
Incense Tools and Incense Culture” for Example
孟 倩
Meng Qian
（安徽博物院，合肥，230061）
（Anhui Museum, Hefei, 230061）
内容提要：借鉴历史学研究中运用的 “三重证据法”，以安徽博物院策划的“幽香氤氲——香具?香品?香文化”展为例，将理论与实践相结合，探索器物类展览内容设计中“器物”“传世文献”“承载展览主题情节的书画、雕刻及其他器物”相结合的展览表现方法，着重论述第三种证据在展览情境展示中发挥的作用与影响，以期为器物类展览的内容设计提供新的思路。
关键词：器物类展览 内容设计 三重证据法 情境展示
Abstract: The article borrowed from “triple evidence” is used in the historical research and is used in the exhibition of “Censer, Incense Tools and Incense Culture” as an example. It has combined theory with practice and it has explored the method of content design in object exhibition. The method of this display is a combination of objects, historical documents, paintings, sculpture and other objects, these are all related to the theme of exhibition. This article focuses on the function and influence of the third type of evidence in order to exert its influence and to inspire new ideas about object exhibition.
Key Words: Object exhibition; content design; triple evidence; situation show
塞纳河畔 细嗅中国
——上海博物馆赴法国“中国芳香：古代中国的香文化”展览策划
Sniffing Chinese Perfume in Paris: On Exhibition Fragrances of China from the Shanghai Museum
吴 悠
（Wu You）
（上海博物馆，上海，200003）
（Shanghai Museum, Shanghai, 200003）
内容提要：博物馆赴境外举办展览是“文化走出去”战略中的重要一环，也是向国外观众讲述“中国故事”的重要方式。2018年3月在法国巴黎赛努奇亚洲艺术博物馆举办的“中国芳香：古代中国的香文化”展通过能引发共鸣的选题、形态互补的展品、精心布局的展线和交融互通的互动，为法国观众带去了一场视角独特的“芳香之旅”，也为国内博物馆如何面向国外观众讲述“中国故事”提供了鲜活的案例和全新的思路。
关键词：境外展览 中国故事 文化走出去 香文化
Abstract: Holding overseas exhibitions is considered as an important step of achieving “going-out” strategy of culture. It’s also a good tool used to tell Chinese stories to the foreign public. In March 2018, an exhibition called “Parfums de Chine, la culture de l’encens au temps des empereurs” was held in Muse?e Cernuschi, Paris.
It held objects of different forms, it had well-planned storyline and wonderful interactions with the public. Therefore this subject resonated around France. The French public enjoyed a unique journey of exploring perfumes. It had become a stimulating case and at the same time, an influential idea which successfully tells the Chinese stories to foreign public for the Chinese museums.
Key Words: Overseas exhibition; Chinese stories; “going-out” strategy of culture; perfume
“永远的‘中国白’”策展解析兼论流动博物馆展览的创新
A Study on the Exhibition of the Eternal “Blanc-De-Chine” and the Innovation of Mobile Museum’s Exhibitions
钟智波
Zhong Zhibo
（广东省博物馆，广州，510110）
（Guangdong Museum, Guangdong, 510110）
内容提要：广东省流动博物馆是全国设立最早的流动博物馆，在10多年的探索发展中形成了平台化的独特运行理念及机制。平台旨在整合广东省内的文博资源, 提升各级博物馆公共文化服务能力，满足基层民众的文化需求。在新形势与新挑战下，广东省流动博物馆积极提升平台运作的质量和服务水平，不断调整服务范围和关系，向基层博物馆同仁传播共建共享理念，在实现全省文博资源共建共享的前提下，着力解决广东省文化发展不平衡、不充分的难题。
关键词：流动博物馆 巡回展览 创新 德化白瓷 “装配式展览”
Abstract: Guangdong Mobile Museum is the earliest mobile museum established in China. It has become a unique platform of mechanism and operation in the past decade and this is achieved through exploration and development. This platform aims to: integrate our culture and museum resources in Guangdong province, to improve the capability of accessible cultural public service of all museums, and to satisfy the citizens’ requirements of seeking knowledge. Considering the new situation and new challenges, Guangdong Mobile Museum actively improves this platform’s operation quality and service. It continuously adjusts its scope of service and relationship with the public; it disseminates the concept of co-building to the public as well as the museum’s staff. On the premise of realizing the co-construction and sharing cultural and museum resources in the province, the platform puts in effort to solve the current issue of the unbalanced and inadequate cultural development in Guangdong.
Key Words: Mobile museum; tour exhibition; innovation; Blanc-De-Chine; prefabricated exhibition
谈博物馆里的“慢节奏”
On “Slow Rhythm” in Museums
徐蕊1 李明辉2
（Xu Rui1 Li Minghui2）
（1. 河南博物院，郑州，450002；2. 南开大学历史学院，天津，300350）
（1. Henan Museum, Zhengzhou, 450002; 2. Faculty of History, Nankai University,Tianjin, 300350）
内容提要：通过考察、调研美国40多家博物馆及相关机构的博物馆教育与策展现状，发现美国博物馆强调“公众参与性”的同时，在展览策划、教育活动、公众服务中强调“慢节奏”。这对国内博物馆发展现状及面临的问题具有借鉴意义。在新形势下，中国博物馆发展需树立“慢节奏”的理念，并采取具体措施。
关键词：博物馆 慢节奏 策展 教育 公众服务
Abstract: According to a survey of education and curation in more than 40 museums and related institutions in the United States, this paper analyses the American museums’ experience of “slow rhythm” idea in exhibition planning, educational activities and public services under the purpose of emphasizing “public participation”. With the thought of the current situation and problems of domestic museums, it put forward that under the new situation, Chinese museums needs to supplement and increase the concept of “slow rhythm”, and some specific implementation suggestions are proposed.
Key Words: Museum; slow rhythm; exhibition curation; education; public service
文物文化资产会计确认的国际经验与借鉴
The International Expenence and Reference to Accounting Standards for Cultural Heritage Assets
李莉1 廖一波2 陈敏2
Li Li1 Liao Yibo2 Chen Min2
（1. 湖南省博物馆，长沙，410005；2. 湖南大学，长沙，410082）
（1. Hunan Museum, Changsha, 410005; 2. Hunan University, Changsha, 410082）
内容提要：目前国际上许多国家已相继出台关于文化遗产资产的会计准则，我国文物文化资产的会计管理准则尚在酝酿中。随着政府会计改革的深化，文物文化资产的会计处理急需规范化、制度化。国际公共部门会计准则理事会以及美国、英国、澳大利亚、新西兰等国会计准则中关于文化遗产资产确认和计量的相关规定，可以为我国文物部门加强和提高文物文化资产的管理和会计核算提供参考。
关键词：文物文化资产 会计确认 国内现状 国际借鉴
Abstract: At the moment, many international countries around the globe have established accounting standards for cultural heritage assets; at the same time, the accounting standards for cultural heritage assets in China are in the process of maturing. With the government’s accountancy reform having been developed in depth, cultural inheritance also desperately needs to be specified and regulated. This analysis will introduce the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB). It will also explain specific accounting standards of countries for example: the USA, the UK, Australia, New Zealand and etc.; it will target measurement criteria and confirmations of cultural assets. The purpose is to enhance the administration of our cultural relic departments and to provide useful references for account adjustments.
Key Words: Cultural heritage assets; accounting standards; national situation; international reference