元大都西太乙宫考——北京西城区后英房和后桃园元代遗址出土文物研究
林梅村
On the Western Taiyi Palace of Khanbaliq: Research on the Relics of the Houyingfang and Houtaoyuan in the Xicheng District, Beijing
Lin Meicun

内容提要： 1972年，北京西直门内后英房胡同明北城墙下发现元代建筑遗存。后英房遗址采用皇家寺观特有的工字型建筑，并出有北宋书法家米芾的琅琊紫金砚。该遗址正是元末熊梦祥《析津志》所载西太乙宫遗址，由元初昭瑞宫扩建而成。不过，据揭傒斯《砚山诗序》西太乙宫提点张秋泉并非熊梦祥所言南宋江湖派诗人戴复古之后，而是南宋末平江（今苏州）知府戴觉民之子。西太乙宫四任提点分别为玄教第二代宗师吴全节、南宋戴觉民后人张秋泉、武冈（今湖南武冈）延寿宫道士饶礼诚，以及蒙古族道士张彦辅。宫廷画师商琦曾为西太乙宫正殿绘制山水壁画，并有翰林院大学士揭傒斯题诗。距后英房遗址125米的后桃园遗址出土元代壁画残片，当即商琦所绘西太乙宫山水壁画。后英房遗址出土《广寒宫图》螺钿黑漆盘残片产自浙江南部，当即张秋泉从家乡带到京城的手工艺品。

关键词： 商琦绘山水壁画    西太乙宫    昭瑞宫    张秋泉    后英房遗址    元大都考古

Abstract: In 1972, the architectural remains of Khanbaliq are excavated beneath the north wall of the Ming city at the Houyingfang site northeast of Xizhimen in Beijing. The Houyingfang site are featured by the H-shaped plan of the royal architecture. An unearthed inkstone from this site is identifed to the treasures of Mi Fu, a calligrapher of Northern Song Dynasty. Our research suggests that the architectural remains belong to the royal Taoist temple known as Western Taiyi Palace, which is recorded in the geography section (Xi Jin Zhi) compiled by Xiong Mengxiang of the late Yuan Dynasty. This temple was an expansion based on the Zhaorui Palace in the early Yuan. However, Xiong’s description to Zhang Qiuquan, the procurator of Western Taiyi Palace, was wrong. He actually is the son of Dai Juemin, the governor of Suzhou at the end of South Song Dynasty, rather than the son of Dai Fugu, an itinerant poet of Southern Song Dynasty. There were four procurators of Western Taiyi Palace: Wu Quanjie (the second grandmaster of Mystery School of Taoism), Zhang Qiuquan (posterity of Dai Juemin), Rao Licheng (the Taoist priest of Yanshou Palace at Wugang of Hunan), and Zhang Yanfu (a Mongolian Taoist priest). The landscape mural in the hall of Western Taiyi Palace was painted by Shang Qi, an imperial painter, and was with an epilogue poem by Jie Xisi, a member of Imperial Academy. This can be demonstrated by the Yuan mural fragments unearthed from the Houtaoyuan site, 125 meters away from the Houyingfang site. The unearthed fragments of the lacquer painting with mother-of-pearl inlay, The Guanghan Palace, were a craft manufactured in South Zhejiang. It therefore can be suggested that it was brought by Zhang Qiuquan from his hometown to Khanbaliq.
Key Words: Archaeology of Khanbaliq; Houyingfang Site; Zhang Qiuquan; Zhaorui Palace; Western Taiyi Palace; Landscape Mural by Shang Qi

试论刘家河商墓出土金臂钏
Research on the Gold Armlets Unearthed from the Shang Dynasty Tombs of Liujiahe in Beijing
王显国
Wang Xianguo
（首都博物馆，北京，100045）
( Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045 )

内容提要： 北京刘家河商代墓葬出土金臂钏年代早、器型大，是研究商代北方地区黄金制品工艺及形制发展的重要实物资料。本文利用科技检测及文献解读的方法，探讨了金臂钏制作工艺、形制演变及传播等问题。研究表明，两件金臂钏材质不同，但均为自然金；采用熔铸、锤揲、打磨等工艺制作而成。从时空方面考察，刘家河金臂钏承接了夏家店下层文化因素，并对燕山南麓向东和燕山北麓及辽西丘陵地区产生了影响。
关键词：金臂钏    商代    刘家河
Abstract: The gold armlets unearthed from the Shang Dynasty Tombs of Liujiahe in Beijing are important material to study the development of technology and form of the gold articles in the northern region of Shang Dynasty. This paper, using the method of science and technology and interpreting of literature, discusses the manufacturing technology, form evolution and dissemination of golden armlets. Research shows that two gold armlets are made of natural gold, and are made by casting, hammering and polishing and so on. From the perspective of time and space, the gold armlets of the Liujiahe took on the cultural factors of the Lower Xiajiadian Culture, influenced the southern foothills of Yanshan to the east and the northern foothills of Yanshan and the hilly areas of western Liaoning.
Key Words: Liujiahe; the Shang Dynasty; gold armlet

元青花凤首扁壶探析
On Blue-and-white Phoenix-head Flat Flasks of the Yuan Dynasty
裴亚静
Pei Yajing
（首都博物馆，北京，100045）
( Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045 )

内容提要： 元青花凤首扁壶于20世纪70年代出土于北京旧鼓楼大街豁口瓷器窖藏，窖藏中同时出土了九件元青花瓷器。青花凤首扁壶整体为一凤形，其特殊的形制使其在元代青花瓷器中熠熠夺目。新疆的伊犁也曾出土一件元青花凤首扁壶，据《营造法式》图样确认，这两件青花凤首扁壶凤纹分别为鸾、凤。鸾凤纹作为装饰纹样在宋代艺术品中已出现，元代更为普遍，出现于元青花瓷器、丝织品、石刻等高端装饰艺术中，同时也见有凤首装饰的梅瓶及其他壶式。目前所见两件元青花凤首扁壶，一件发现于元大都遗址，另一件则出土于新疆的阿力麻里古城，是元代丝绸之路的见证。
关键词：丝绸之路 阿力麻里    鸾凤    《营造法式》    凤首扁壶    元青花
Abstract: The blue-and-white phoenix-head flat flask of Capital Museum excavated from a cellar of the Yuan Dynasty at the opening of the Old Gulou Street in Beijing in the 1970s. The overall shape of the blue-and-white flat flaskis a phoenix shape, which makes it dazzling in the blue-and-white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty. There is another blue-and-white phoenix-head flat flaskunearthed in Almaliq, a medieval city, of Xinjiang. Referred to Yingzao Fashi (Treatise on Architectural Methods or State Building Standards), the patterns of these two blue-andwhite flasks are a luan (a female phoenix) and a feng (a male phoenix) respectively. As a decorative pattern, the pattern has appeared in the works of the Song Dynasty. It popularly appears in the high-end decorative arts such as blue-and-white porcelain, silk and stone carving in the Yuan Dynasty. And there are also the meiping with phoenixhead decoration. The two pieces of flat flaskare witnesses of the Silk Road of the Yuan Dynasty.
Key Words: Blue-and-white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty; phoenix-head ?at ?ask; Yingzao Fashi; luanfeng (male phoenix and female phoenix); Almaliq; Silk Road

首都博物馆藏西藏丹萨替风格铜镀金广目天王像研究
Study of the Dansathil Style Statue of Virūpāksa of Capital Museum
黄春和
Huang Chunhe
（首都博物馆，北京，100045）
( Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045 )

内容提要： 丹萨替造像是出自西藏山南桑日县丹萨替寺的一种佛教造像，不仅展现了西藏佛像艺术发展的巨大成就，而且见证了一个家族（朗氏家族）、一个教派（帕竹噶举派）和一个王朝（帕竹王朝）的兴盛面貌，成为人们了解西藏那段辉煌历史最为可靠的实物依据，也成为我们触摸那段辉煌历史的真实存在。本文通过对首都博物馆收藏的一尊广目天王像的深入研究，探讨其艺术特征及历史文化背景，考证其为一件典型的丹萨替造像作品，对研究和了解西藏丹萨替风格造像具有重要意义。
关键词：帕木竹巴•朗氏家族    广目天王    丹萨替寺    佛教造像
Abstract: The Dansathil style buddhist statues are from the Dansathil Monastery in Sangri County, Tibet, which not only show the great achievements of Tibetan Buddhist art, but also witness the prosperity of a family (Lang or Rlangs family), a sect (Phagmo Drupa Kagyu) and a dynasty (Phagmodrupa Dynasty). These statues became the most reliable material evidence for the glorious history of Tibet. Through the in-depth study of the statue of Virūpāksa of Capital Museum, this paper explores its artistic characteristics and historical and cultural background, and proves that it is a typical Dansathil style statue. It is important for studying and understanding Tibetan Dansathil style statues.
Key Words: Buddhist statues; Dansathil Monastery; Virūpāksa; Phagmo Drupa of Lang family

从楷书《燕然山铭》卷看董其昌的书法实践
Research on the Handscroll of Dong Qichang’s Regular Script of Yan Ran Shan Stele’s Inscription
李文琪
Li Wenqi
（首都博物馆，北京，100045）
( Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045 )

内容提要：明董其昌楷书《燕然山铭》卷，曾被收入《石渠宝笈》，现收藏于首都博物馆。此卷虽以楷书书写，但体势略显倾斜，充满行书韵味，字形较大，并非常见的董其昌作品面貌。它是董其昌临习米芾小楷书《燕然山铭》并实践“小字放大”这一理论的作品，从中可以看出董其昌的书法渊源及书学造诣，它代表了董其昌众多书法面貌中的一种，具有较高的书法艺术价值。
关键词：“小字放大”理论    楷书《燕然山铭》    董其昌
Abstract: The handscroll of Dong Qichang’s regular script of Yan Ran Shan Stele’s Inscription, which wasincluded by Shih-ch’u Pao-chi, collected by Capital Museum now. Written in regular script, however, this scroll has incline in the posture of the character and the lengthened structure of many characters which endued itself a running script arome. It is not a common feature of Dong Qichang’s works. It is the work studied and imitated the small regular script of Yan Ran Shan Stele’s Inscription (written by Mi Fu), and a practice of the theory that “magnify the small Chinese character”. It represents one of many appearance of Dong Qichang’s calligraphy, from which we can discover the filiation and accomplishment of the artist’s calligraphy. The scroll has an important artistic value.
Key Words: Dong Qichang; regular script of Yan Ran Shan Stele’s Inscription; the theory that “magnify the small Chinese character”

清代青花御窑厂图圆瓷板刍议
Study of the Porcelain Tabletop with the Drawing of the Imperial Kiln Factory of the Qing Dynasty
邢鹏
Xing Peng
（首都博物馆，北京，100045）
( Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045 )

内容提要： 首都博物馆藏清代青花御窑厂图圆瓷板是清代御窑厂的真实写照，是研究清代御窑厂的重要实物资料。本文结合明清官衙建筑群的建筑规制，对瓷板画面所绘的清代御窑厂建筑群性质进行考证，可知瓷板画面所绘的建筑群规制符合明清时期官式建筑群的基本样式。而画面中出现的民居与商业街巷，和御窑厂官式建筑群格格不入，反映其应是太平军烧毁御窑厂之后的建筑，表明这件瓷板的绘制年代不早于此。本文还根据新发现的材料考证出御窑厂内部分建筑物的名称，为窑厂图圆瓷板的进一步研究提供参鉴。
关键词：绘制时间    官式建筑群    御窑厂
Abstract: The porcelain tabletop with the drawing of the imperial kiln factory of the Qing Dynasty of Capital Museum is a true portrayal of the Qing Dynasty imperial kiln factory and reliable research material.Based on the offcial building standard of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this paper examines the nature of the imperial kiln complexes of the Qing Dynasty and demonstrates that the building complexes of the tabletop conform to the basic style of the offcial buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The residential houses and commercial streets of the tabletop which were incompatible with the buildings of the imperial kiln factory, re?ects that they should be built after the Taiping Rebellion burned the imperial kiln and that the time of the drawing of the tabletop was late. This paper also examines the names of some buildings in the imperial kiln factory based on newly discovered materials.
Key Words: Imperial kiln factory; offcial buildings; time of the drawing

发展，供应，应用和需求*
——平衡博物馆数字技能生态系统
Development, Supply, Deployment, Demand: Balancing the Museum
Digital Skills Ecosystem
罗斯•帕里1 多丽丝•鲁思•艾克霍夫2 萨莉•安妮•巴尼斯3
埃里卡•基斯彼得4 朱末寒1 译    朱末寒    著
Ross Parry1 Doris Ruth Eikhof2 Sally-Anne Barnes3 Erika Kispeter4 Zhu Mohan1 Translated by Zhu Mohan
（1.英国莱斯特大学博物馆学学院；2.英国莱斯特大学CAMEo研究所；
3.英国华威大学就业研究所；4.英国华威大学）
( 1. University of Leicester, Leicester; 2. CAMEo Research Institute, University of Leicester, Leicester;
3. Institute for Employment Research, University of Warwick, Coventry; 4. University of Warwick, Coventry )

内容提要： 博物馆从业人员的数字素质仍然是数字化技术在博物馆应用的主要挑战之一。据研究显示，英国超过三分之一的博物馆依然认为内部没有足够的数字化技能来满足数字化需求，博物馆的一些数字技能甚至在退步而不是进步。最新的调查结果表明“缺乏信心”是障碍所在。为解决这个紧迫的问题，英国设立“一个接一个”国家项目，其目标是在未来两年内为博物馆员工数字素质的培养模式提供转型框架。本文是英国“一个接一个”项目初始阶段的研究成果首次在国际上分享。结合博物馆学和前沿职业发展研究，本文试图阐明英国博物馆数字化技能的发展、供应、需求和应用，确定其主要参与者，探究典型职业发展模式和数字化技能政策的关系。本文从当前数字化技能如何开发和应用、数字化需求如何阐述、存在哪些技能空白，以及数字化技能发展和应用的障碍等几方面做了分享，并探讨了从“科技技能”向“数字素养”转变的意义及转变过程中的促进因素与抑制因素。
关键词：转型    劳动力    培训    技能    数字素养    博物馆
Abstract: Skills matter. The digital literacy of the workforce remains one of the key challenges for the adoption of technology within museums. According to Nesta, the AHRC and ACE (2014; 2015), over a third of museums in England still feel that they do not have the in-house skills to meet their digital aspirations, and rather than improving, some digital skills areas have decreased. The latest findings report a “lack of confidence” as a barrier-more so than the cultural sector as a whole. Addressing this pressing issue, the aim of the UK’s “One by One” national project, is to work over the next two years to understand how to deliver a transformative framework for museum workforce digital literacy. This paper is the first sharing, internationally, of the emerging findings of the initial phase of the “One by One” research. Combining museology with leading-edge employment studies, the paper attempts to evidence the development, supply, demand, and deployment of digital skills in the UK museum sector, identifying key actors and mapping typical employment patterns and skills policies. The paper shares how digital skills are currently developed and recruited, how demand is articulated, what skills gaps exist, and what challenges impede skill development and deployment. Furthermore, it explores the shift from “technical skills” to “digital literacies”-what this shift represents, and the facilitators and inhibitors related to this shift that are recognized within the sector.
Key Words: Museum; digital literacy; skills; training; workforce; transformation

太平洋战争期间史密森协会的“战时服务”
The War Services of Smithsonian Institution during the Pacific War
谢雨婷
Xie Yuting
（首都师范大学，北京，100048）
( Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 )

内容提要： 太平洋战争期间，美国图书馆界发动的“胜利图书运动”广为人知，而同样作为服务社会的知识机构，博物馆在战时的表现和作为却罕为人知。史密森协会在灵活调整适应战时社会与环境的同时，充分利用自身在知识、科研、收藏、展陈等方面的人力物力资源优势，主动根据军方和社会公众的需求提供力所能及的援助，为战争的胜利做出了巨大贡献。博物馆的产生和使用总是适应各种各样的社会需求，博物馆存在的价值也源于对社会需求的回馈。对战时这一特殊时期博物馆工作与服务内容的梳理有利于进一步探讨博物馆机构的特质与可塑性，理解博物馆与社会的互动机制。
关键词： 史密森协会    太平洋战争    服务    社会    博物馆
Abstract: During the Pacifc War, Victory Book Campaign which launched by libraries in America is wellknown; however, the museum, also acts as intellectual institution serving the society, whose performance and work in wartime are rarely known. The Smithsonian Institution not only endeavored to adapt to wartime society and environment by flexible adjustments, but also took full advantage of its human, material and resource advantages in intelligence, scientific research, collections, exhibitions and other aspects to provide assistance according to the needs of the military and the public, which had made a great contribution to the victory of the war. The appearance and the use of the museum are always adapted to various social needs, the value of the museum also derives from the feedback on social needs. The research of the work and services of museums during special period of war will help the further exploration of the characteristics and ?exibility of the museum and the understanding of the interactive mechanism between the museum and the society.
Key Words: Museum; society; services; the Pacific War; Smithsonian Institution

浅谈博物馆的公共空间营造——以故宫博物院为例
On the Public Space Creating of the Museum in the Case of the Palace Museum
刘文涛
Liu Wentao
（南京博物院，南京，210016）
( Nanjing Museum, Nanjing, 210016 )

内容提要： 随着经济社会的发展，观众对博物馆的需求也更加多元，不仅有观展需求，还有休闲甚至其他需求。营造具有审美价值的公共空间，是博物馆服务观众的重要内容。近年来，故宫在公共空间营造上的许多做法可圈可点。本文以故宫为例，从空间规划、空间基调，乃至几个具体的空间案例分析入手，探讨博物馆空间营造的意义和可实施性。
关键词： 空间审美    公共空间    博物馆
Abstract: With the development of the economy and society, audience’s demand for museums is more diverse, not only exhibitions, but also leisure and other needs. Creating a public space with aesthetic value is an important part of the museum’s service to the audience. In recent years, many practices in the creating of public space in the Palace Museum are remarkable. This article takes the Palace Museum as an example to analyzes spatial planning, spatial tone, and even several specific spatial case studies to explore the significance and feasibility of museum space creation.
Key Words: Museum; public space; space aesthetic

博物馆教育资源整合的探索与思考
Exploration and Reflection on the Integration of Museum Education Resources
陈慰
Chen Wei
（中国国家博物馆社会教育宣传部，北京，100006）
( Social Education and Propaganda Department, National Museum of China, Beijing, 100006 )

内容提要： 在“让文物活起来”思想的指导下，中国博物馆界更加重视文物、展览的研究与利用，注重发挥博物馆的社会教育功能。本文结合近年来博物馆教育转型发展过程中的实践案例，通过对博物馆资源、资源整合等相关概念的分析，探析博物馆教育资源整合的原因、整合的方式及其作用，旨在为新时代博物馆教育工作的进一步发展提供借鉴。
关键词： 整合    资源    教育    博物馆
Abstract: Under the guidance of the idea of “letting cultural relics alive”, the Chinese museum community pays more attention to the research and utilization of cultural relics and exhibitions, and put more emphases on the social education functions of museums. This paper hopes to analyze the concepts of "museum resources" "resource integration" and some other related ones, combined with the practical cases in the transforming and developing process of Chinese museum education in recent years, to reveal the reasons, the methods and the effects of the integration of museum educational resources. The author hopes that it can provide some references for the further development of museum education in the new era.
Key Words: Museum; education; resources; integration

“右盐主官”印探析
tudy on the Youyan Zhuguan Sea
孙鑫
Sun Xin
（烟台市博物馆，烟台，264001）
( Yantai Museum, Yantai, 264001 )

内容提要：本文利用史籍、出土文物等资料，明确了“右盐主官”印的类别——盐场专用大印，探讨了“右盐主官”印印文所指的官职及该印用途；通过对比分析的方法明确了“右盐”是汉代盐官官职名，“主官”为东莱郡盐官长，并对该印用途做出了推断。
关键词：盐场    右盐    主官    东莱郡
Abstract: This article uses historical records, unearthed cultural relics and other materials to clarify the type of Youyan Zhuguan: the special seal of the saltern. Exploring the official position and the use of seal, through the method of comparative analysis, it is clear that Youyan is the official name of the Han Dynasty salt official, and the Zhuguan refers to the governor of Donglai county, and made an inference about the use of the print.
Key Words: Saltern; Youyan; Zhuguan; Donglai county

辛亥革命纪念馆藏1901年捐监正实收浅析
A Study of the Year 1901 Receipt for Donating the Guo-zi-jian Diploma in the Memorial
Museum of 1911 Revolution Collection
郑春林
Zheng Chunlin
（辛亥革命纪念馆，广州，510715）
( Memorial Museum of 1911 Revolution, Guangzhou, 510715 )

内容提要：捐监作为捐纳的一种，是中国封建社会长期沿袭下来赀选制度的继续。作为统治者解决财政危机的途径，捐监施行于清朝的大部分时间，尤其在同光时期达到了泛滥的地步。辛亥革命纪念馆所藏一件捐监正实收年代为光绪二十七年（1901年），时正值八国联军侵华战争结束，进入《辛丑条约》谈判的特殊时期。本文梳理了捐监的产生和发展的演进历程，探讨了1901年捐监正实收规定捐监所需的银数之少，在捐纳案例中处于一个极低的折扣水平，应是广东财政极度拮据的情况下不得已采取的极端措施，也是清王朝末年财政危机的实物见证。
关键词：捐监    光绪    实收    财政危机
Abstract: Donating the Guo-zi-jian diploma was one of the donation systems. As a way to solve financial crisis for the dominants, this system was implemented in most time of Qing Dynasty, and was overimplemented during the Tongzhi and Guangxu period. In the Memorial Museum of 1911 Revolution, a receipt for donating the Guo-zi-jian diploma in the 27th year (1901) of Guangxu period, produced during the end of war of the Eight-Power Allied Forces invading China (negotiation of Xin-Chou Treaty), is collected by the museum. This article, through a brief review of the production and development of donating the Guo-zi-jian diploma, exploring the collection, serving as a witness to the end of the system, is of great significance. This receipt required very little money, indicating this is a extreme measure because of severe financial situation in Guangdong. So the receipt is an evidence of financial crisis in Qing Dynasty.
Key Words: Donating the Guo-zi-jian diploma; Guangxu period; receipt; financial crisis

论故宫特展语音导览服务的创新
On the Innovation of the Audio Guide Service for Special Exhibitions at the Palace Museum
闫宏斌
Yan Hongbin
（故宫博物院，北京，100009）
( The Palace Museum, Beijing, 100009 )

内容提要：近年来，随着各种特展的举办和观众对讲解服务需求的增加，故宫博物院尝试了特展语音导览的“后付费模式”，即观众自愿领取免费的导览设备，听完讲解后根据使用感受自愿付费或不付费。该模式经过实践检验，得到观众普遍认同，在一定程度上提升了服务受众的数量，也促进博物馆重视语音导览内容的开发，重视设备提供过程中的高品质服务。后付费模式，还能及时收集观众反馈，利于整体工作的改进与提升。后付费模式具有合理性、可操作性和持续性，或许可在更多博物馆推广使用，以满足观众更多的文化需求。
关键词：故宫博物院? 语音导览? 特展? 后付费模式
Abstract: In recent year, with the promotion of various special exhibitions and the growing demand for interpretation services, the Palace Museum has attempted the “post-paid mode” of audio guide for special exhibitions, that is, the audience can get audio guides without any charge and later they decide whether to pay for the service or not based on their experience. This mode has been tested by practice and widely recognized by the audience. It improves the number of audience who have received interpretation services, propels the development of audio-guided content, and emphasizes the high-quality services in providing devices. Thanks to the post-paid mode, the audience feedback can be collected straightway, which is conducive to improving the overall work. The post-paid mode is reasonable, feasible and sustainable, which may be widely applied to museum services in the future to meet the audiences multiple needs.
Key Words: The Palace Museum; audio guide; special exhibition; post-paid mode

试论博物馆“丝绸之路”主题展览的叙事性
——以2017年度全国博物馆三项陈列展览奖为例
The Narrative Characteristics of Museum Exhibitions with the Theme of Silk Road:
Analysis on Three National Museum Exhibitions Awards of 2017
杨 瑾
Yang Jin
（陕西师范大学历史文化学院，西安，710119）
( School of History and Civilization, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 )

内容提要：以“丝绸之路”为主题的展览在选题与定位上立意高远，它们以世界性视野对丝绸之路进行长时段和多空间的综合或专题考察。“长安丝路东西风”、“丝绸之路音乐展”和“世界遗产丝绸之路”三个展览在叙事功能、叙事结构和叙事特征方面各有千秋，都以全球性学术视野，整合国内外文博机构文物资源，采用多元化叙事方式，从不同角度为观众讲述丝绸之路产生、发展演变的曲折历程，以古鉴今，强调丝绸之路在一带一路建设中的重要影响与作用。
关键词：博物馆展览    丝绸之路    叙事
Abstract: Museum exhibitions with the Silk Road theme usually have bigger ideas and purposes, illustrating long-term and multi-spaces historical investigation into the Silk Road as a global perspective. Three SilkRoad-themed exhibitions won National Museum Exhibitions 2017 Annual Awards explains the great attentions on this theme from home and abroad. They were “Chang’an: A metropolis of Silk Road”, “Music along the Silk Road” and “Miles upon Miles: World Heritage along the Silk Road”. Each of them collects the most representative museum collections, introduces global academic perspectives, applies multi-methods of narration, highlighting the mosaics of social life along the Silk Road and its cultural and spiritual values of heritage, as well as its significance on the Belt and Road Initatives.
Key Words: Museum exhibition; Silk Road; narration

以教育目标为导向做好新建科技类博物馆的展陈规划
——以北京汽车博物馆为例
Making a Good Exhibition Planning of New Science and Technology Museums Guided by
Educational Objectives: Taking Beijing Auto Museum as an Example
冯巧娟
Feng Qiaojuan
（北京汽车博物馆，北京，100160）
( Beijing Auto Museum, Beijing, 100160 )

内容提要：21世纪以来，中国科技类博物馆在数量、规模上快速增长，但其中存在着重建筑、轻展陈、展教水平不高等一系列问题。与此同时，博物馆教育、科学普及被提升到前所未有的高度，教育成为博物馆的核心职能。面对新形势、新挑战，科技类博物馆在进行展陈规划时就有必要为实现博物馆的教育职能打好基础。笔者以公共教育的视角，从理念定位、空间规划、内容规划等几方面对新建科技类博物馆的展陈规划提出一些思考与建议，以期能够为科技类博物馆建设提供借鉴与参考。
关键词：北京汽车博物馆    科技馆    公共教育    展览陈设    展陈规划
Abstract: Since the twenty-first Century, science and technology museums in China have been growing rapidly in quantity and scale. But there are a series of problems such as too much attention to architecture, less attention to the exhibition and poor quality of education. Meanwhile, the importance of museum education and science communication has been attached to an unprecedented level. Education has become the core function of museums. When facing the new challenges, it is necessary for science and technology museums to lay a solid foundation for realizing the educational functions of museums in exhibition planning. From the perspective of public education, the author puts forward some suggestions on the exhibition planning of new science and technology museums about the concept definition, space planning and exhibition planning, in order to provide some reference for the construction of science and technology museums.
Key Words: Beijing Auto Museum; science and technology museum; public education; exhibition; exhibition planning

常州博物馆文物保存环境监测与调控分析研究
Study on Monitoring and Controlling of the Environment for Preservation of Cultural Relics
in Changzhou Museum
韩超 丁为新 王桦
Han Chao Ding Weixin Wang Hua
（常州博物馆，常州，213022）
( Changzhou Museum, Changzhou, 213022 )

内容提要：监测并分析博物馆温湿度、污染气体、光辐射等环境因素，合理有效地调控文物保存环境和进行预防性保护，是文物保护工作的前提。在对常州博物馆干燥季节和梅雨季节展厅、库房等环境进行监测之后，得出以下结论：利用中央空调控制温度和恒湿净化一体控制湿度的展厅，以及恒温恒湿机组调控的库房环境基本能保持稳定，而仅靠中央空调系统进行调控的空间在梅雨季节的环境变化则较为复杂；展柜光照度和紫外强度过高不利于文物保存，建议更换照明设备；VOC含量与展厅装饰材料密切相关，新装修展厅累积含量明显偏高；二氧化碳浓度可以侧面反映观众数量——周末和下午浓度最高，闭馆期间降到最低。本文通过对博物馆环境影响因素的分析，提出各类环境的改善措施，以营造藏品保存的适宜环境。
关键词：常州博物馆    环境监测    合理调控    改善措施
Abstract: It is a premise of protecting cultural relics to analyze the temperature and relative humidity, air pollutions, light radiation and other environmental factors of museum, and control preservation environment reasonable and effectively. Changzhou Museum monitored the exhibition halls and warehouses in dry season and rainy season respectively. The exhibition halls results showed that the temperature of central air-conditioning controlled, and the humidity of humidity-purification set controlled can remain stable, as well as the warehouse of constant-temperature-humidity unit controlled can be. The environment relying on the central air conditioning system is more complicated in rainy season. At the same time, the illumination and ultraviolet intensity are too high to store cultural relics preferably, it was recommended to replace the lighting equipments. The cumulative phenomenon of volatile organic compounds concentration was found in the new showcases. The concentration of carbon dioxide can reflect the audience quantity, the highest concentration was found in the weekends and afternoons when the museum opened, and the lowest concentration appeared in the closing time. Based on the analysis results of the influencing factors, we will put forward the various measures for improving environments and try to build the suitable environment for preservation of cultural relics.
Key Words: Changzhou Museum; environmental monitoring; control reasonable; improvement measures

无损检测在晋祠圣母殿彩塑保护中的应用
Application of Non-destructive Testing in the Protection of Sculptures of
the Notre Dame Temple in Jinci Temple
李庆玲
Li Qingling
（晋祠博物馆，太原，030025）
( Jinci Museum, Taiyuan, 030025 )

内容提要：此次无损检测是以太原市晋祠博物馆圣母殿内的40余尊宋代彩绘泥塑为检测对象，用数字化技术采集和处理得到残损部位的图像和数据，对残损状况进行量化、描述和编辑，对彩塑进行裂缝分类、破损分类、彩绘剥落层分类，形成量化损伤指标，便于评价和保护。中国是一个多地震国家，由地震造成文物古迹的破坏比比皆是，采用脉动法对彩塑进行动力测试，得到每尊彩塑的动力参数，就可以针对需保护的古代彩塑，采取有效的“抗震”措施加以保护。
关键词：晋祠    圣母殿    彩塑    无损检测    动力测试
Abstract: Non-destructive inspections were performed in this study for 40 color-painted clay sculptures originally built during Song Dynasty. Images and data were obtained using digital sampling technique and processing. Their damage states were quantified, described and archived with classification of cracks, classification of damage and defects, classification of layer peeling, and the proposal of quantified damage index, which are useful for the assessment and protection of these color-painted clay sculptures. China is a seismic-prone country and there are many cases of damaged cultural relics and historic sites by earthquakes. This study used pulsing and single pulse method to measure the dynamic response of color-painted clay sculptures, and obtained the dynamic parameters for each of them. The proposed method can be used to protect these color-painted clay sculptures efficiently against potential earthquakes.
Key Words: Jinci Temple; the Notre Dame Temple; color-painted clay sculpture; damage and defect; nondestructive inspection; dynamic measurement