新城隍庙：20世纪二三十年代地方博物馆的兴起
New Chenghuangmiao: Blooming of Regional Museums from 1920s to 1930s
吴昌稳
Wu Changwen
（广东省博物馆，广州，510623）
（ Guangdong Museum, Guangzhou, 510623 ）
内容提要: 博物馆作为舶来品，与我国敏而好古的传统凿枘相应。20世纪初期，知识界将博物馆之有无与文野之分相对应。“北伐”之后，博物馆还被赋予启迪民智、推进革命、砥砺学术、促进社会进步的社会角色。从20世纪20年代末至30年代抗战爆发前，中国博物馆进入黄金发展期，普通民众大量接触和进入这些新兴机构。本文以天津博物院、河南博物馆、浙江省立西湖博物馆和广州市立博物院为切入点，旨在探讨此间地方博物馆兴起及其对民国时期博物馆事业发展的指标性意义。
关键词: 地方博物馆 兴起 天津博物院 河南博物馆 浙江省立西湖博物馆 广州市立博物院
Abstract: Museum is a foreign concept that suits favoritism of ancient times in Chinese tradition. In early time of 20th century, museum was a sign of culture and advanced city. After 1928, museums served as places to enlight people, promote revolution, make academic discussions and push social development. From the end of 1920s to 1930s (before Anti-Japanese War), it was the golden time for Chinese museums, common folks entered these new institutions. This paper takes Tianjin Museum, Henan Museum, Zhejiang Xihu Museum and Guangzhou Museum as examples to discuss the blooming of regional museums and the meaning of this to museum industry in the Republic of China period.
Key Words: Regional museums; rise; Tianjin Museum; Henan Museum; Zhejiang Xihu Museum;
Guangzhou Museum
中国近代早期博物馆史研究三题
Three Problems about the Research on the History of Museum in Early Modern China
李飞
Li Fei
（深圳博物馆，深圳，518026）
（ Shenzhen Museum, Shenzhen, 518026 ）
内容提要: 自20世纪30年代系统展开中国博物馆史研究以来，关于中国早期博物馆史仍有若干问题尚未解决，如魏源《海国图志》中的“博物院”、林鍼《西海纪游草》中的“博古院”等，尚有丰富历史面相有待揭示，而唯有在相应语境下解读史料，才能最大限度地接近历史本真。
关键词: 博物馆史 《美理哥合省国志略》 《海国图志》 《西海纪游草》 博古院
Abstract: The research of the history of China museums initiated in 1930s, but till today, some problems about this subject in early modern China remain unsolved, such as the meanings of bowuyuan (博物院) in Wei yuan’s Haiguotuzhi, boguyuan (博古院) in Lin Zhen’ s Xihaijiyoucao, etc. The historical documents should be interpretated in appropriate context, otherwise may lead to be misunderstood.
Key Words: History of China museums; Meilige heshengguo zhilüe; Haiguotuzhi; Xihaijiyoucao; boguyuan
激活博物馆藏品——从博物馆工作流的视角
Activating Museum Collections: From the Perspective of Museum Workflow
许捷 胡凯云 毛若寒 王妍 蒋凡
Xu Jie Hu Kaiyun Mao Ruohan Wang Yan Jiang Fan
（浙江大学人文学院，杭州，310058）
（College of Humanities of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 ）
内容提要: 藏品是博物馆工作的基石，也是文化遗产传播的媒介。充分激活藏品，挖掘其中的信息与价值，将其呈现给观众，是博物馆工作的重要内容。目前中国博物馆的藏品利用现状尚存在提升空间：在展览中，存在藏品展出率不足或者展出质量不高的问题，而在展览之外的藏品利用方式还未引起足够重视。针对此问题，本文从博物馆工作流的视角，按照藏品的研究、管理、展出、展外利用的框架，从藏品研究、藏品数字化、藏品阐释及利用渠道四个方面提出更好地激活博物馆藏品的建议。
关键词: 博物馆 藏品利用 激活藏品
Abstract: Collection is fundamental in museum’s work, it’s also the media of the dissemination of cultural heritage. It’s an important part of the museum’s work to activate the collection and present the value of the cultural heritage to the visitors. At present, there is still room for improvement in the utilization of collections in Chinese museums: in exhibitions, there is a problem of inadequate display rate of collections or poor quality of exhibitions. And the utilization of collections outside exhibitions has not drawn enough attention. In view of these problems, this article proposes suggestions to activate museum collection better from the perspective of museum workflow, according to the framework of research, management, exhibition and utilization of collections, and from the aspects of collection research, digitization of collections, interpretation of collections and utilization channels.
Key Words: Museum; collection utilization; collection activation
博物馆十大陈列展览精品评选现行标准的对比分析
A Comparative Analysis of the Existing Standards of the National Museums’ Top Ten
Display and Exhibitions Selection
吕军 马苗 郝静
Lyu Jun Ma Miao Hao Jing
（吉林大学，长春，130012）
( Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 )
内容提要: 全国博物馆十大陈列展览精品评选活动，从1997年启动到2017年，刚好历时20年，评选了14届，先后共颁布过三个评选办法。本文对这三个评选办法的具体内容，主要从“参评范围及陈列展览的资格”“奖项设置及相关评选标准”“评委及评选程序”“推荐程序和材料报送”四个方面进行对比分析，从中发现并总结其变化特点及趋势，并就加强和完善专家评审与观众评审并行的评委制度、增强学术影响和提升宣传的广度与深度等方面提出了相应的建议，以利于进一步推进评选办法和评选标准的完善以及评选活动的健康发展。
关键词: 十大陈列展览精品 评选标准 变化趋势 观众评审 学术影响
Abstract: The National Museums’ Top Ten Display and Exhibition Selection, launched from 1997 to 2017, lasted 20 years and voted 14 times. There have been three selection measures. The specifc content of these three selection methods is mainly based on four aspects: the scope of participation and qualifcations for exhibitions, setting of awards and related selection criteria, judging panel and evaluation procedures and recommended procedures and information delivery. Finding and summarizing changes in trends will help further improve the selection methods and criteria. Trying to fnd out and summarize the viriation and trends. Putting forward some perfect suggestions on several aspects, such as strengthening and perfecting the parallel review of expert and audience, enhancing the academic impact and the breadth and depth of the publicity, in order to further promote the selection methods and criteria for evaluation and healthily develop the selection activities.
Key Words: Top ten display and exhibition selection; evaluation criteria; changing trends; audience evaluation; academic impact
岭南地区博物馆藏品虫害调查报告
A Survey Report of Collections Pests on Museums in Lingnan Area
丁宁
Ding Ning
（广东省博物馆，广州，510263）
（ Guangdong Museum, Guangzhou, 510263 ）
内容提要: 岭南地处热带、亚热带，环境温暖潮湿，十分适合藏品害虫的生活和繁殖。从2007年至2016年，通过选取代表性文博单位为试点进行虫害调查，调查出烟草甲、档案窃蠹、齿粉蠹、台湾乳白蚁、美洲大蠊、毛栉衣鱼、书虱、赤拟谷盗为代表害虫，分析发现该地区博物馆藏品害虫产生主要是由于库房温湿度控制、光线、防治方法不当等原因，并提出针对博物馆藏品虫害的预防性措施。
关键词: 博物馆 虫害 岭南地区
Abstract: Located in tropical and subtropical zone, Lingnan area is warm and humid, thus it is very suitable for pests to live and reproduce. From 2007 to 2016, some museums were chosen for pests investigation, and Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius), Falsogastrallus sauteri Pic, Lyctoxylon dentatum (Pascoe), Coptotermes formosanus (Shiraki), Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus), Ctenolepisma villosa (Fabricius), Liposcelis bostrychophilus (Badonnel), Tribolium ferrugineum (Herbst), Tinea pellionella are the pest samples of the result. It's concluded that pests emerge due to temperature and humidity light and unreasonable anti-pest controls. Suggestions are made to handle these issues.
Key Words: Museums; pests; Lingnan area
论博物馆讲解与中国古诗词的相互融合——以桂林博物馆陈列明代梅瓶讲解为例
Museum Guide with Chinese Ancient Poetry:
Take Ming Dynasty Plum Bottle Guide in Museum as an Example
龙文勤
Long Wenqin
（桂林博物馆，桂林，541000）
（ Guilin Museum, Guilin, 541000 ）
内容提要: 中国古诗词博大精深，它将韵律、结构、情感、哲理高度融合，是一种专属于中国人的表达体系。吟诗时，如欣赏到一幅行云流水的中国水墨画；诵词时，如聆听到迂回婉转，或高亢或低沉的乐声。中国古诗词也是诠释中国文化、历史的一种艺术形式。博物馆作为一个展示、传播国家文化、民俗风情、时代发展的重要机构，普及中国经典古诗词是当下博物馆的一个重要职责。本文将探讨如何把古诗词融入讲解当中，形成一个特有诗词类讲解方式，让观众在这样一种全新的讲解当中，贯通今古，领略中国浩如烟海的优秀文化。
关键词: 博物馆 讲解 古诗词 梅瓶
Abstract: Chinese ancient poetry combines rhythm, structure, feeling, philosophy, is an unique expressive way of Chinese. To recite a poetry is like appreciating a Chinese ink painting, like appreciating traditional music. Chinese poetry is an art approach to explain Chinese culture and history. Museum, as an institution to display, promotes culture and customs, emphasis on Chinese ancient poetry is a major duty. This article discusses how to combine museum guide with Chinese ancient poetry as a guide pattern, to offer visitors a better way to learn the outstanding traditional culture.
Key Words: Museum; guide; Chinese ancient poetry; plum bottle
博物馆临时展览的宣传推广刍议——以“古埃及：法老与神的世界”展为例
A Brief Discussion on the Publicity and Promotion of Museums’ Temporary Exhibitions:
Take the Exhibition“Ancient Egypt: The World of Pharaoh and God”as an Example
胡程
Hu Cheng
（金沙遗址博物馆，成都，610000）
（ Jinsha Site Museum, Chengdu, 610000 ）
内容提要: 举行临时展览是博物馆不断吸引新的观众群体、培养固定兴趣观众群体的有效途径之一，也是博物馆作为重要的公共教育机构为大众提供多样化、多领域知识体验的重要手段。博物馆在举办高水平的临时展览的同时，应策划全面、高效的宣传推广计划，提高临时展览的社会影响力和公众知晓度，吸引更多的观众走进博物馆。本文以成都金沙遗址博物馆“古埃及：法老与神的世界”展为例，分析在临时展览的各阶段适宜选择的宣传主题，并讨论不同性质的宣传主题适宜投放的媒体渠道，以树立博物馆的品牌效应、达到最大化的正向宣传效果，为博物馆临时展览的宣传推广策略提供可借鉴的一些经验。
关键词: 博物馆 临时展览 宣传 媒体渠道 古埃及
Abstract: As a public educational institution, hosting temporary exhibitions for a museum is not only an effective approach to attract new audiences and to keep interested audiences, but also a signifcant method to provide audiences diversified visiting and learning experience. To improve social influence and public awareness of a temporary exhibition, comprehensive and high-effciency publicity schedule should be made during a high-level exhibition. Valid publicity could also attract more audiences go to the museum. In the case of “Ancient Egypt: World of Pharaohs and Gods” in Chengdu Jinsha Site Museum, this article would analyze how to maximize the utilization of a theme of publicity to build brand beneft. At the meantime, this article discusses the relationship between theme and media channel. Overall, referential experience might be concluded for a better publicity and promotion strategy during a temporary exhibition based on this example.
Key Words: Museum; temporary exhibition; promotion; media; ancient Egypt
现代科技与传统技艺结合的金属文物保护修复研究＊
——以故宫博物院藏辽代金属面具为例
Study of Metal Artifacts Reparation Using Modern Technology and Traditional Technology:
Taking Liao Dynasty Metal Mask in the Palace Museum as an Example
曲亮1 高飞1 刘建宇1 何林1 雷勇1 税午阳2
Qu Liang1 Gao Fei1 Liu Jianyu1 He Lin1 Lei Yong1 Shui Wuyang2
（1. 故宫博物院，北京，100009 2. 北京师范大学，北京，100875）
（ 1. The Palace Museum, Beijing, 100009 2. Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 ）
内容提要: 故宫博物院藏一件辽代金属面具，出现表面锈蚀、断裂和缺失等问题，需进行保护修复处理。修复人员使用多种现代仪器分析手段，揭示其材质和制作工艺，了解病害产物的类型及其成因，确定了曾进行过修复处理的区域及其使用的修复材料种类，同时发现面具眉部上方原始丝织附属品的痕迹，并推测了其功用。根据分析测试结果，修复人员有针对性的制定了保护修复方案，引入计算机模拟修复、3D打印技术等新技术，选取环十二烷等新材料，结合金属文物修复的传统技术，对面具进行保护修复处理。现代科技与传统技艺相结合的方法，提高了金属文物保护修复工作的科学性、可靠性以及效率，解决了部分传统技术难以克服的问题，为同类文物的保护修复提供了可借鉴的案例。
关键词: 辽代面具 检测分析 保护修复 环十二烷 3D打印
Abstract: There is a Liao Dynasty metal mask in the Palace Museum with façade erosion, breaks and parts missing problem, which calls for reparation. The writers of this paper apply multiple modern means to analyze, revealing the materials originally making up of the mask, the cause of its damages, the former reparation’s details and textile remains on the eyebrows (speculating the function of the textile). Based on the testing results, the writers make reparation plan including computer mock repair, 3D-printing, using new materials like Cyclododecane to renovate the mask. By combining modern technology and tradition technology together, this reparation is scientifc, reliable and suffcient, solving some problems traditional methods cannot manage and providing a reference for artifacts reparation of the same type.
Key Words:Liao Dynasty mask; texting and analyzing; reparation; cyclododecane; 3D-printing
文物保护与修复理念的沿革及对当今文物修复技艺的影响
——《晚清八言联》修复实例
Exploration and Practical Usage of Artifacts Reparation and Restoration Ideas:
Take Reparation of 8-Sentence as an Example
李涛
Li Tao
（广东省博物馆，广州，510110）
（ Guangdong Museum, Guangzhou, 510110 ）
内容提要: 现代文物保护修复理念的出现，极大地影响了当今传统文物的修复思想。在科学理论指导下的文物保护修复方法，可以确保文物保护修复过程的安全及有效延长文物保护修复后的保存年限。传统修复理念的“补处莫分”与现代新思潮的“可识别性原则”两种观念各有利弊。文中修复实例《晚清八言联》在使用传统修复理念方法完美修复后，在修补处做了可识别微痕处理，将传统与现代修复理论方法相融合，折衷了上述对立观点，获得了理想的修复效果。此方法促进了传统与现代两种相矛盾的修复理念交融统一，可供文物保护修复从业者参考与借鉴。
关键词: 文物修复 理念 融合 修复实例
Abstract: Artifacts reparation under scientifc theory can guarantee safety and prolong the life of the artifact. Traditional and modern methods have conflicts of making mends identifable, both ideas have pros and cons. This article takes reparation of 8-Sentence as an example. This reparation firstly uses traditional methods to cover façade damages and then applies micro marks on patches, combing traditional and modern method together to achieve an ideal reparation. This method neutralizes the conflict ideas mentioned above, offering a new approach for the artifacts reparation.
Key Words: Artifacts reparation; idea; combination; reparation example