通州区次渠村定光佛舍利塔及其出土文物
Dipamkara Buddha Stupa and Its Cultural Relics at Ciqu Village, Tongzhou District, Beijing
邢 鹏
Xing Peng
（首都博物馆，北京，100045）
（Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045）
内容提要：北京通州次渠村定光佛舍利塔因1976年地震而坍塌损毁，后被拆除。其中出土的文物被北京市文物工作队征集，现藏于首都博物馆。本文通过对该塔及其所在寺庙和相关文物的系统研究，结合调查访问，搜集相关文物资料，测量出塔基原址的地理位置信息（GPS数据），草绘了原址位置示意图；依据调研资料和结构类似的房山区谷积庵东塔，绘制出定光佛舍利塔结构示意图；对定光佛舍利塔的年代进行了初步探讨。
关键词：北京通州 次渠 宝光禅寺 定光佛舍利塔 佛教遗址
Abstract: Dipamkara buddha stupa, located in Ciqu village, Tongzhou District, Beijing, collapsed due to the earthquake in 1976 and dismantled. The unearthed relics were acquired and fi nally collected by Capital museum. By survey research and literature research, this article summed up the unearthed relics from the stupa basement and the relics of the temple where the stupa located; measured the location of the stupa (GPS data); drew a sketch map of its original site and a structure diagram based on the similar structure of east tower of Guji temple, Fangshan District; made a preliminary discussion on its age.
Key Words: Tongzhou, Beijing; Ciqu; Baoguang Temple; Dipamkara Buddha Stupa; Buddhist ruins
略论佛教造像及壁画中头光与背光上的放射线状装饰
The Problems Reflected in the Headlight or Backlight Decoration of Radial Line on the Buddhist Statues and Murals
冉万里
Ran Wanli
（西北大学文化遗产学院，西安，710069）
( School of Cultural Heritage of Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 )
内容提要：头光较小而且边缘雕刻成放射线状凸棱的造像样式，最早发生在巴基斯坦士瓦特地区的犍陀罗造像。通过对中国境内新疆地区、中原地区发现的佛教造像上的头光和背光装饰或雕刻放射线状凸棱的发现地点的分析，推断这种造像特征主要沿着塔里木盆地北沿（天山南路、丝绸之路中道）逐渐自西向东传播。由于目前所见的这类造像在塔里木盆地南沿（丝绸之路南道）发现数量较少，而且主要集中在于阗地区，在于阗以东的丝路沿线地区尚罕见，这种现象反映了塔里木盆地南沿可能不是其主要的传播路线。又从这种将头光或背光上雕刻或铸造成放射线状凸棱的佛教造像样式的传播状况来看，它同时又由中国大陆经由百济或者直接由中国大陆传播至日本，从而勾勒出一条完美的犍陀罗士瓦特佛教造像东传的路线图。
关键词：佛教造像 头光 背光 装饰 放射线状凸棱
Abstract: Statue style, which the headlight is smaller and the edge is carved into the shape of radial line, was fi rstly occurred on Gandhara Buddhist statues in Watts, Pakistan. Through the discussion on the location that Buddhist statues’ headlight or backlight decorated and carved into the shape of radial line found in the Xinjiang area and the Central Plains of China, the writer thinks that this kind of statues was gradually spread from west to east along the northern edge of the Tarim Basin (the south road of Tianshan Road, the middle road of the Silk Road). Due to this kind of statues found fewer at present in the southern margin of Tarim Basin (the south road of the Silk Road), mainly concentrated in Yutian area and seldom seen in the east of Yutian area, refl ect that the northern edge of the Tarim Basin may not be the main route of transmission. From the view of the spread of this kind of Buddhist statues’ headlight or backlight decoration was carved or cast into the shape of radial line, it was also spread from Chinese Mainland via Baekje to Japan or directly from Chinese Mainland to Japan. Thus outline a perfect roadmap of Gandhara Buddhist statues from Watts to east.
Key Words: Buddhist Statues; headlight; backlight; decoration; radial line
吉金著录所见早期青铜器述略
Discussion on the Early Stage Bronzes in the Golden Tripod Records
朱光华
Zhu Guanghua
（首都师范大学，北京，100048）
( Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 )
内容提要：本文主要以图像考察为基础，通过对北宋至民国时期吉金著录中早期青铜器的搜集与整理，简要总结了此类资料的数量、类别及年代等，并进一步探讨了有关中国古代青铜容器的起源、中国早期青铜器铭文，以及商代前期青铜方鼎的发现等问题。
关键词：金石学 吉金著录 青铜器
Abstract: Based on the investigation of image and through collecting and arranging the early stage bronzes in the golden tripod records from Northern Song Dynasty to the Republic of China era, this article summarized the number, category and the date of this kind of data briefl y. And issues such as the origin of bronze vessels in ancient China, the early stage inscription on bronzes in China and the discovery of bronze square Ding in the early stage of Shang Dynasty, were also discussed in this article.
Key Words: Epigraphy; golden tripod records; bronze vessels
南宋何异家族墓铭的发现与价值
The Discovery and Value of Inscription on the Gravestone of He Yi Family in the Southern Song Dynasty
马 涛
Ma Tao
（宁波博物馆，宁波，315100）
( Ningbo Museum, Ningbo, 315100 )
内容提要：2013年，宁波博物馆征集到一方从未刊布过的宋代品官墓铭——宋故承奉何君墓铭，铭文较为详细地记载了墓主人何遵及其父何异的生平事迹、仕宦经历，尤其是何异，在众多历史文献中都有著录，其中就包括《宋史•列传一百六十》。据统计，新中国成立以来，见诸报道的宋代墓志中所涉及人物，在《宋史》中有传者仅28人，而且该方墓铭的撰写者黄兊在历史上也甚为显要，该墓铭的重要性不言自明。本文结合历史文献对墓铭做一初步考释，挖掘其史料价值，以期对那段历史有进一步的理解、认识。
关键词：墓铭 《宋史》 何异 黄兊
Abstract: An unpublished inscription on the gravestone of a civil officer whose family name is He has been collected in 2013, in which detailedly recorded the life-story and the official career of the owner of the tomb:He Zun and his father He Yi. Particularly, He Yi has been recorded in numerous historical documents including No.160 Biography of The History of Song Dynasty . Statistics suggest that there merely exist 28 persons who have been recorded in The History of Song Dynasty among the published inscriptions on the gravestone since the establishment of People’s Republic of China. Furthermore, Huang Yue, the composer of this unpublished tomb inscription, played an important role in history. Thus this unpublished tomb inscription is of great signifi cance. In order to have a further comprehension on Song Dynasty, the author is willing to dig out the deeper historical value on the basis of a preliminary analysis of the historical documents.
Key Words: Inscription on the gravestone; The History of Song Dynasty; He Yi; Huang Yue
洪武青花折枝花卉纹荷叶盖罐研究
A Study on Hongwu Blue and White Lidded Pot with Flower Sprays
裴亚静
Pei Yajing
（首都博物馆，北京，100045 ）
（ Capital Museum, Beijing, 100045 ）
内容提要：首都博物馆收藏的明洪武青花折枝花卉纹盖罐1961年出土于北京地区，刚出土时被认作是元青花。1990年在景德镇市政府的基建过程中发现了明洪武时期的地层，复原了一件与首博藏品相同的洪武青花折枝花卉纹盖罐。这类盖罐呈瓜棱形，12瓣瓜棱绘画十二种花卉，通过和明李时珍《本草纲目》中花卉图案的比较，确认了其中牡丹、野菊、山茶等十一种花卉。调查发现，上海博物馆、英国不列颠博物院及日本松冈美术馆等多家博物馆中也收藏有10余件釉里红或青花折枝花卉纹盖罐，湖石折枝花的装饰样式来源于元青花。 通过不同个体同类花卉的比较发现，每个盖罐的花卉种类是相同的，但同一种花卉的图样在细节上都各有差别，不完全相同。《大明会典》中提到凡烧造供用器皿，须要“定夺样制”，由此可知，这个时期的官样还不是很严格。
关键词：洪武 折枝花卉 《本草纲目》 元青花 《大明会典》 官样
Abstract: This Hongwu Blue and White Lidded Pot with Flower Sprays, excavated from Beijing in 1961, was one of Ming porcelain wares from Capital Museum. When people just found, it was mistakenly recognized as a piece of blue and white from Yuan dynasty until a similar one was found from the stratum of Hongwu period of Ming dynasty in Jingdezhen during city construction in 1990. This pot is in melon shape and painted with 12 kinds of flowers. According to the records in The Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) written by Li Shizhen, who was the most famous medical doctor and pharmacologist in Ming dynasty, about 11 fl owers on the pot were known, such as peony, chrysanthemum indicum, camellia, and so on. There are more than 10 other similar pots in other museums all over the world, like Shanghai Museum, the British Museum, and Matsuoka Museum of Art. The patterns of fl ower sprays and lake rocks were derived from patterns of blue and white wares in Yuan dynasty. After comparison of these pots from different museums, we found the types of fl owers are same, but they are still different more or less in details. The Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty records that if the porcelain wares were made for the court, the shape, patterns and other aspects need to base on the regulations. The differences between the patterns of these pots prove that the porcelain standards of the court were not very strict at that time.
Key Words: Hongwu period; fl ower sprays; The Compendium of Materia Medica; blue and white in Yuan dynasty; The Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty; the porcelain standards of the court
国家海洋博物馆理事会制度刍议
The Attempting Discussion about the Council System of National Marine Museum
袁胜文1 张国文1 陈祖愿2 王婷婷2
Yuan Shengwen1 Zhang Guowen1 Chen Zuyuan2 Wang Tingting2
（1. 南开大学考古学与博物馆学系，天津，300071；2. 国家海洋博物馆筹建办公室，天津，300000）
（1. Archaeology and Museology Institute of Nankai University, Tianjing, 300071；2. Construction Office of NationalMarine Museum, Tianjing, 300000）
内容提要：理事会制度建设是国家海洋博物馆建设中的一项重要内容。建设过程中，既要循序渐进，科学建立理事会法人治理机制，最大限度发挥理事会制度的优点，又要联系我国和国家海洋博物馆的实情，妥善处理理事会与博物馆上级主管部门等的关系，以保证国家海洋博物馆的管理科学、健康、高效。
关键词：国家海洋博物馆 法人治理 理事会制度
Abstract: The construction of the council system is a signifi cant part of the development of the National Marine Museum. To maximize the advantages of the council system, the process of the construction should be gradual and scientifi c when establishing the corporate governance mechanism of the council. Also, in order to ensure a scientifi c, healthy and effi cient management of the National Marine Museum, the conditions of our nation and the National Marine Museum should be concerned and the relationship between the council and the superior department of the museum should be handled properly.
Key Words: National Marine Museum; corporate governance; council system
试论让抗战文物“活起来”
A Study on Enlivening the Cultural Relics of the Counter-Japanese War
沈天鹰
Shen Tianying
（八路军驻洛办事处纪念馆，洛阳，471000）
（Memorial Hall of the Eight Route’s office in Luoyang, Luoyang, 471000）
内容提要：本文从抗战类纪念馆举办抗战主题展入手，阐述了在筹备策划、设计制作和文创推出等工作环节中，如何顺应新形势和新要求，通过转变理念、拓展途径、丰富资源、活化文物的方式，更好地推进抗战文物的保护和利用工作，实现让抗战文物“活起来”。
关键词：抗日战争 文物 保护 利用
Abstract: This article starts with the way memorials hold the counter-Japanese war theme exhibitions, analyzes parts of the exhibition plot, exhibition design and cultural products development, etc. It adapts to the new situation and new requirements, through changing concepts, expanding route, developing diverse forms, enlivening the cultural relics, to promote the work of the protection and utilization of the cultural relics of the counter-Japanese war, and make them alive.
Key Words: Counter-Japanese war; cultural relics; protection; utilization
何以致远
——北京大学赛克勒考古与艺术博物馆
“寻找致远舰”策展团队访谈录
Bring the Sinking History into Life: An Interview with the Curatorial Team for the Exhibition“Searching for the Cruiser CHIH YUAN”in Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Art and Archaeology at Peking University
访谈者：商晨雯（北京大学考古文博学院）
Interviewer : Shang Chenwen ( School of Archaeology and Museology of Peking University )
记忆与和平
——侵华日军南京大屠杀遇难同胞纪念馆原馆长朱成山访谈录
Memory and Peace: An Interview with Zhu Chengshan, the Former Curator of The Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders
访谈者：黄天翊（北京大学考古文博学院）
Interviewer: Huang Tianyi ( School of Archaeology and Museology of Peking University )