近三十年来新中国初期博物馆史的研究
The Overview on Studies of the History of Museums in the Initial Stage of the
People’s Republic of China in Recent Thirty Years
徐 玲
Xu Ling
（郑州大学考古系，郑州，450001）
( Department of Archaeology of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 )

内容提要：博物馆史是透视博物馆与社会关系变迁的最佳视角之一。新中国初期（1949-1966年），博物馆经历了新政权建成后的一系列变化，留下了新政权初期政治、历史及文化的特殊烙印，是中国博物馆史重要的一个发展时段。近三十年来学界对这段历史的研究成果，或专史性的论及，或通史式的涉及，不乏有影响力的论著。但对新中国初期博物馆史的专题研究仍亟需跟进。
关键词：新中国初期 博物馆史 博物馆史料
Abstract: The history of museum is one of the best visual angles of observing the transition of museums and society. In the initial stage of new China (1949-1966), museums had witnessed a series of changes after the establishment of the new political power, and were left with the special brand of politics, history and culture, which was an important developing period during the history of museum. Among the influential researches about the history of museum during this period in recent thirty years, some are studies of special topic and some are general history. However, the monographic studies of the history of museums in initial stage of the People’s Republic of China should urgently follow up.
Key Words: The initial stage of the People’s Republic of China; history of museums; the material of the history of museums

近三十年中国博物馆教育研究主题演化分析
Analysis of the Theme Evolution of
Chinese Museum Education Research in Recent Thirty Years
刘迪¹ 刘君杰¹ 周沫² 张发亮²
Liu Di¹ Liu Junjie¹ Zhou Mo² Zhang Faliang²
（1. 江西师范大学，南昌，330022； 2. 南昌大学，南昌，330031）
( 1. Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022; 2. Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 )

内容提要：本研究以CNKI为数据源，综合运用文献计量、知识图谱、共词分析等方法对近三十年中国博物馆教育研究领域的主题演化进行可视化分析，揭示各阶段研究主题的分布与特点，并在此基础上探索整体演化规律与趋势，为博物馆教育领域的发展提供理论支撑。
关键词：博物馆教育 主题演化 文献计量 知识图谱 共词分析 可视化分析
Abstract: Taking CNKI as the data source, the theme evolution of Chinese museum education research in recent thirty years is visually analyzed, using bibliometrics, knowledge mapping, co-word analysis and other methods of literature research, so as to reveal the distribution and characteristics of the research theme in each stage and overall evolution rule and trend, providing theoretical support for the development of museum education domain.
Key Words: Museum education; theme evolution; bibliometrics; knowledge mapping; co-word analysis; visualized analysis

表征民族
——中国生态博物馆运动的早期实践
The Representation of Ethnic Minorities:
Early Practice of Chinese Eco-museum Activities
尹 凯
Yin Kai
（山东大学文化遗产研究院，济南，250100）
( Cultural Heritage Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 )

内容提要：1995-2005年，生态博物馆理念在民族地区的践行构成了中国生态博物馆运动的早期实践。这一时期的生态博物馆实践虽然是一种强调地方特殊性与文化重要性的尝试，但是其表征民族的倾向同样值得注意。换句话说，生态博物馆在民族地区的早期实践是中国传统意义上民族类博物馆叙事逻辑的延续，体现了将少数民族塑造为特异性文化的策略。
关键词：中国生态博物馆运动 民族表征 早期实践 贵州 广西
Abstract: It is the theories of eco-museum carried out in ethnic minority areas between 1995-2005 that the early practice of Chinese eco-museum activities. Although, the practice in the stage is an attempt to emphasize the distinction of place and the importance of culture, the representation of ethnic minorities is of much importance as well. In another word, the early practice in ethnic minority areas is a continue of narrative logic embodied in Chinese traditional national museums/museums of a nation. According to this, the strategy behind the early practice of Chinese eco-museum activities is the attempts to shape the ethnic minorities as special culture.
Key Words: Chinese eco-museum activities; the representation of ethnic minorities; early practice; Guizhou; Guangxi

一个理想的参与型博物馆
——以英国惠康典藏为例
An Ideal Participatory Museum:
Taking Wellcome Collection, London as an Enlightenment
秦 晴
Qin Qing
（金沙遗址博物馆，成都，610000)
( Jinsha Site Museum, Chengdu, 610000 )

内容提要：随着中国博物馆的日渐开放，单纯的文物欣赏已经不足以满足公众的心理需求和对博物馆的期待。从被动接受权威安排的观众到主动寻求参与的公众甚至不以观展为主要目的的访客以及散落在虚拟空间中的任何人，博物馆面临的受众群体日益复杂，与社会的关系定位也更加亲密。英国伦敦惠康典藏博物馆作为一个医学类博物馆，却因为在社会参与方面的成功经验，把“枯燥深奥”的领域变成具有温度感的交流空间，同时启发我们思考构建参与型博物馆的核心宗旨与有效手段。
关键词：博物馆 观众、游客和公众 参与 英国伦敦 惠康典藏
Abstract: With the increasing openness of Chinese museums, public expect that museums have something more emotional to offer them other than the exhibitions and collections. Currently, museum has to be connected to more diverse participants including the traditional audience, public, visitors and anyone in digital space, which form a more complicated and close relationship between museum and society. As a “profound” museum about medicine science, Wellcome Collection in London is very successful in engaging society by transferring the authoritative institution to a warm communication platform. Their experience enlightens us the core mission and efficient measures of constructing a participatory museum.
Key Words: Museum; audience, visitors and public; participate; London, UK; Wellcome Collection

全球化视角诠释下的世界史
——“100件文物中的世界史”的一个面向
World History from the Perspective of Globalization:
One Aspect of the AHWO
闫 志
Yan Zhi
（中国国家博物馆，北京，100006）
( National Museum of China, Beijing, 100006 )

内容提要：本文揭示了不列颠博物馆“100件文物中的世界史”展览所要表达的一个重要面向——全球化。作者简要回顾了全球化理论研究的成果，指出“全球化”包含了“世界的压缩”和“世界是一个整体的意识的增强”两个层面。进而通过对戴维·赫尔德全球化理论流派的分析，指出“100件文物中的世界史”背后的全球化理论属于“激进全球化主义者”一派。在此基础上，对“100件文物中的世界史”的内容设计进行分析，指出展览希望表达出全球化在人类历史进程中的作用。
关键词：100件文物中的世界史 全球化
Abstract: This thesis reveals one of important aspects that AHWO ( A History of the World in 100 Objects ) attempts to express. That is the Globalization. Author reviews the Globalization theories and points out that this conception includes two aspects: world compaction and the connection and effect across the world. According to David Held’s theory, the designers of AHWO belong to hyperglobalizers. On this Basis, anthor analysis the cotent design of AHWO, and points out that AHWO hopes to express the role of globalization in the process of human history.
Key Words: AHWO; Globalization

博物馆展示多元设计发想
Creative Thinking in the Multidimensional Design of
Exhibitions in Museums
林仲一
Lin Zhongyi
（台湾科学工艺博物馆，高雄）
( Taiwan Museum of Science and Technology, Gaoxiong )

内容提要：台湾地区博物馆自1990年开始实行十二年以文化建设为核心的政策，得到蓬勃发展，至2007年止，据台湾博物馆学会统计公私立博物馆的数量已达493家，加上由于大型馆所如台北故宫博物院及台湾历史博物馆等与平面媒体合作下引进世界各国知名的特展，掀起了台湾地区参观博物馆的热潮，民众开始以参观博物馆为乐事，追求时尚流行、新知，体验新知，欣赏新的展示手法及美术作品等。当时台南艺术学院及辅仁大学更因此创设博物馆学研究所来培育所需人才。博物馆不断提升其功能并进而促进全民美学素养，这使博物馆成为文明城市进步的文化指标之一。本文拟以博物馆展示的历程及多元设计下策展人未来的发想为重点进行探讨。
关键词：创意经济 策展人 故事轴线 自造者 3D打印
Abstract: Since 1990, museums have been regarded as one of the core policies of the 12-year Cultural Construction Plan. Flourishing by the end of 2007, according to the statistics, there were 493 private and public museums. With the collaboration between the Taipei Palace Museum, Taiwan Museum of History, and print media, they sponsored renowned exhibitions introduced from various places around the world, promoting the fad of museum going. People began to regard visiting museums as an activity of refined taste. They pursued fashion, new knowledge, and more, experiencing new knowledge and appreciating new exhibition methods and art works. At that time, the Tainan College of the Arts and Fujen Catholic University established their departments of museums to cultivate necessary professional talents. With the promotion of the functions of museums, it further cultivated people’s sense of aesthetic appreciation. As a result, museums are regarded as the indicators of the cultural progress of a city. Therefore, this thesis examines the process of exhibitions in museums and the curator’s creative thinking in multidimensional design in the future.
Key Words: Creative economy; curator; storyline; creator; 3D printing

试论乐器类文物的声音展示
The Sound Exhibition of Musical Relics
曹 捷
Cao Jie
（四川大学历史文化学院，成都，610064）
( History and Culture Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 )

内容提要：乐器类文物不仅具有文物属性，同时也具有乐器属性。声音是乐器不可分离的部分，是非物质文化遗产。文章针对中国博物馆忽视或错用乐器类文物声音的问题，结合音乐考古相关成果，说明乐器类文物声音的来源及种类，提出只有原音、复制原音、复原原音可以用作展示对象，而非原音只能在必要情况下作为艺术性的辅助展品。
关键词：乐器类文物 声音 博物馆展陈
Abstract: Musical relics possess not only cultural relic attribute, but also attribute of musical instrument. Sound is an integral part of musical instruments and a nonmaterial cultural relic. Aiming at the problems of Chinese museums’ neglecting or misusing sounds of musical relics and combinding with related music archaeology achievements, this paper introduces the origins and categories of sounds of musical relics and proposes that only original sounds, copied sounds and recovered sounds can serve as demonstration objects, while non-original sounds can only serve as artistic assistant items on display when it is necessary.
Key Words: Musical relics；sound；exhibition；museum 

中小博物馆的战略逆袭
The Strategic Development for Small and Middle Sized Museums
关战修
Guan Zhanxiu
（北京市正阳门管理处，北京，100051）
( Beijing Zhengyangmen Management Division, Beijing, 100051 )

内容提要：中小博物馆是博物馆大家庭的重要成员，数量众多，而由于在人才和资源等方面相对于大型博物馆来说处于劣势地位，其发展受到一定的制约。在文博事业大发展的今天，如何克服资源劣势、未雨绸缪地制订发展战略，将是中小博物馆抓住机遇、突破发展瓶颈的当务之急。本文以北京市西周燕都遗址博物馆为案例，对现阶段中小博物馆的发展战略进行了初步的探索。
关键词：中小博物馆 创新 逆袭 发展战略
Abstract: Small and middle sized museums are key members in the great museum family and increased in large number. But they have been developed in the competition with big-sized museums since it is fully restricted under the lack of advantage of talented professionals and collection resources.Therefore, how to solve the problems they are currently facing, prepare to take challenges, and create strategic schemes for development in order to breakthrough barriers and move forward in the future is an urgent task for museum circles. This paper is the first step to explore the strategic development in small and middle sized museums in the study case of the Museum of Xizhou Yandu Site.
Key Words：Small and middle sized museums; creation and innovation; counterattack; strategic development

国内博物馆网站藏品类目设置调查与探讨
Inquiry and Research on the Setting of Museum
Collection on the Website
杨晓燕
Yang Xiaoyan
（郑州大学考古系，郑州，450000）
(Department of Archaeology of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000)

内容提要：随着网络化发展，博物馆网站建设工作的重要性越来越明显。作为博物馆网站主要版块的藏品介绍一项，其类目设置不仅可以反映实体馆藏分类现状及数字化水平，而且会影响公众欣赏藏品的角度。合理的藏品类目设置可以为公众搭建更加多元、开放、融合的藏品资源共享平台。
关键词：博物馆网站 藏品类目 藏品数据库 藏品检索 分类法
Abstract: In the internet era, the construction and development of museum website has become increasingly significant. Collection introduction plays a major role in museum website and its category setting not only reflects the current status of classification and digitalization level of museum’s tangible collection, but also influence the audience’s perspective of appreciation for the collection. A reasonable setting of museum’s collection could build a more diverse, open and integrated resource-sharing platform for all audience.
Key Words: Museum website; collection catalogue; collections database; collections retrieval; taxonomy

故宫博物院文物修复管理系统的设计与实现
Design and Implementation of
the Palace Museum’s Relic Restoration Management System
石秀敏¹ 蒋步云²
Shi Xiumin¹ Jiang Buyun²
（1.故宫博物院，北京，100009；2.中科软科技股份有限公司，北京，100190）
( 1. The Palace Museum, Beijing, 100009; 2. Sinosoft Company Limited, Beijing, 100190)

内容提要: 随着博物馆信息化的发展，信息技术在藏品管理业务领域得到广泛的应用。文物修复管理作为藏品管理工作的重要组成部分，对信息化管理的需求越来越迫切。论文从故宫博物院文物修复管理系统的建设实际出发，分析了文物修复业务流程需求，探讨了SOA及BPM的架构思想、基于B/S的体系结构以及工作流、分级控制、多重权限分配等关键技术的应用，介绍了数据库设计和功能模块的实现，总结了该系统对文物修复管理业务工作的重要意义。
关键词：文物修复管理系统     SOA     BPM     B/S体系结构 工作流管理
Abstract: With the development of information in museum, information technology has been widely used in business area of collections management. Relic restoration management acts as an important part of collections management, and its demand for information management is more and more urgent.This article analyzed the business-process requirements of relic restoration, discussed the ideas of SOA and BPM architecture from a practical standpoint of building the Palace Museum’s relic restoration management system , which was based on B / S architecture and the applications of key technologies,such as: workflow, hierarchical control, multiple distribution of the authority and so on.
Key Words: Relic restoration; SOA; BPM; B/S system structure; workflow

数字化时代汝窑瓷器的摄影方法与技巧
Photography Method and Technique of Ru Ware Porcelain in Digital Era
李 凡
Li Fan
（故宫博物院，北京，100009）
( The Palace Museum, Beijing, 100009 )

内容提要：2015年由故宫博物院主办，不列颠博物馆、河南省文物考古研究院、宝丰县文物管理局、上海博物馆、天津博物馆、吉林省博物院协办的“清淡含蓄——故宫博物院汝窑瓷器展”在故宫博物院成功举办，并出版了《汝瓷雅集——故宫博物院珍藏及出土汝窑瓷器荟萃》展览图录。作为该图录中故宫博物院汝窑藏品的摄影师，本人将通过介绍汝窑瓷器拍摄方法、对比分析汝窑影像拍摄优缺点等方式，介绍本次展览器物在数字化时代下的拍摄方法与注意事项。
关键词：汝窑 文物摄影 技巧 数字化时代
Abstract: “The Selection of Ru Ware: the Palace Museum's Collection and Archaeological Excavation”was successfully held in 2015 by the Place Museum, the British Museum, Henan Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute, Baofeng Cultural Relics Administration, Shanghai Museum, Tianjin Museum and Jilin Museum. At the same time, this Exhibition also had a catalog. As the camerist of this catalog,I will introduce the porcelain of Ru Ware's methods and technique of cultural relics photography.
Key Words: Ru ware; cultural relics photography; technique; digital era

教育即生活
——观首都博物馆“读城——追寻历史上的北京城池”展
Education is Life Itself: The Review on“Exploring Beijing’s
City Walls and Moats in History”
商晨雯
Shang Chenwen
(北京大学考古文博学院，北京，100871)
( School of Archaeology and Museology of Peking University, Beijing, 100871 )

将设计理念付诸展览实践
——北京大学赛克勒考古与艺术博物馆“看见桃花源”展览回顾
From Design Idea to Curation Practice: The Review on the Exhibition“Encounter
the Dreaming Land”in Auther M Sackler's Museum of Art and Archaeology at Peking University
王思渝
Wang Siyu
(北京大学考古文博学院，北京，100871)
( School of Archaeology and Museology of Peking University, Beijing, 100871 )